Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extracts from Mangrove (Xylocarpus granatum J.Koenig) Seed Coat and Fruit by DPPH and FRAP Assays
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v11i1.9426Keywords:
antioxidant, banang-banang, seed shell, free radicalAbstract
Free radical compounds are molecules that possess reactive and unstable properties, which can damage biomolecules by disrupting the integrity of DNA, proteins and lipids. This condition can trigger oxidative stress, which can result in degenerative diseases. Humans require antioxidant intake from external sources when their own endogenous antioxidants are insufficient to counteract free radicals. Previous studies have demonstrated the high antioxidant activity of mangrove seeds. However, the antioxidant potential of mangrove seed coats and fruits remains underexplored, particularly when assessed using the DPPH and FRAP methods. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity of seed coat and fruit extracts of Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig using the DPPH and FRAP methods. This research is quantitative research with laboratory experimental approach. Antioxidant activity testing using DPPH and FRAP methods. Gallic acid was used as a comparison standard for antioxidant activity. The results obtained from the antioxidant activity testing of the ethanol extracts of seed shell, fruit and gallic acid were IC50 values of 10.83 mg/mL, 4.91 mg/mL and 0,793 mg/mL (DPPH) and RP50 of 4,455.63 mg/mL, 15,556.32 mg/mL and 34.04 mg/mL (FRAP). It is acknowledged that discrepancies in testing methodologies can influence the antioxidant activity of each extract, contingent on the nature of the free radical, the solvent, steric accessibility, and the pH of the medium.
References
Arnanda QP, Nuwarda RF. Penggunaan Radiofarmaka Teknisium-99M dari Senyawa Glutation dan Senyawa Flavonoid Sebagai Deteksi Dini Radikal Bebas Pemicu Kanker. Farmaka. 2019;17(2):236-243.
Linda O, Rahayu LS. Prevensi Awal dan Lanjutan Penyakit Degeneratif untuk Usia Dewasa di Masa Pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Arsip Pengabdian Masyarakat. 2021;2(1):107-115.
Amanda KA, Mustofa S, Nasution SH. Review Efek Antioksidan pada Kemuning (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack). Majority. 2019;8(2):265-272.
Henny, Diba F, Anwari S. Tumbuhan Mangrove yang Berpotensi sebagai Obat di Kawasan PT. Kandelia Alam Kecamatan Kubu Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Jurnal Hutan Lestari. 2017;5(4):1100-1110.
Wardani IGAA, Jawi IM, Senapathi TGA, et al. The Effect of Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig Seed Extract Cream on the Number of Fibroblast and Re-Epithelialization in IIA Degree Burn Wound Healing. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy. 2022;33(4):653-665. doi:https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.3461
Yin ZZ, Khine WW, Thu HM. Investigation on Phytochemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig. Myanmar Korea Conference Research Journal. 2018;3(3):1180-1186.
Noviarni I, Batubara I, Putri SP. Antiglycation and Antioxidant Activity from Methanol Extract and Fraction of Xylocarpus granatum Stem. Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi. 2020;23(1):21-27. doi:10.14710/jksa.23.1.21-27
Dey D, Quispe C, Hossain R, et al. Ethnomedicinal Use, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2021;2021:1-16. doi:10.1155/2021/8922196
Ramadani N, Andayani R, Marliza H. Penentuan Kadar Fenolat Total Ekstrak Kulit Buah Nyireh (Xylocarpus Granatum J.Koenig) Dengan Spektrofotometri Uv-Visibel. Katalisator. 2020;5(2):106-111.
Theafelicia Z, Wulan SN. Perbandingan Berbagai Metode Pengujian Aktivitas Antioksidan (DPPH, ABTS, dan FRAP) pada teh Hitam (Camellia sinensis). Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian. 2023;1(24):35.
Sholihah M, Ahmad U, Budiastra IW. Application of Ultrasonic Wave to Increase Extraction Yield and Effectiveness of Antioxidant from Mangosteen Rind. Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian. 2017;05(2):161-168. doi:10.19028/jtep.05.2.161-168
Puspitasari L, Swastini D a., Arisanti CI a. Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol 95% Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L .). Jurnal Farmasi Udayana. 2013;2(3):1-5.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Materia Medika Indonesia Jilid V. Departemen Kesehatan RI; 1989.
Ergina, Nuryanti S, Pursitasari ID. Uji Kualitatif Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Pada Daun Palado (Agave Angustifolia) yang Diekstraksi Dengan Pelarut Air dan Etanol. J Akad Kim. 2014;3(3):165-172.
Hendrawan, Zuraida I, Pamungkas BF. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Xylocarpus granatum dari Pesisir Muara Badak. Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan Tropis. 2015;20(2):15-22.
Blois M. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature. 1958;181:1199-1200.
Tang J, Dunshea FR, Suleria HAR. LC-ESI-QTOF/MS characterization of phenolic compounds from medicinal plants (Hops and Juniper Berries) and their antioxidant activity. Foods. 2020;9(1):1-25. doi:10.3390/foods9010007
Hernady MJ, Yani L. Penelusuran Pustaka Potensi Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Murbei (Morus alba L.) dengan Metode DPPH. Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy. 2024;4(1):78-84. doi:10.29313/bcsp.v4i1.11929
Habibi AI, Firmansyah RR, Setyawati SM. Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak n-Heksam Korteks Batang Salam (Syzygium polyanthum). Indoneisan Journal of Chemical Science. 2018;7(1):1.
Meigaria KM, Mudianta IW, Martiningsih NW. Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Aseton Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera). Jurnal Wahana Matematika dan Sains. 2016;10(2):1.
Yanti S, Vera Y. Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa Bilimbi). Indonesian Health Scientific Journal. 2019;4(2):41-46.
Agada R, Usman WA, Shehu S, Thagariki D. In vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of Carica papaya seed on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Heliyon. 2020;6(3):e03618. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03618
Ergina, Nuryanti S, Pursitasari ID. Uji Kualitatif Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Pada Daun Palado (Agave angustifolia) Yang Diekstraksi Dengan Pelarut Air Dan Etanol. J Akad Kim. 2014;3(3):165-172.
Puspitasari L, Swastini DA., Arisanti CIA. Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol 95% Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L .). Garuda Portal. 2013;961:5.
Paat SFA, Antasionasti I. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Dari Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Lemon Suanggi (Citrus lemon L. ) Dengan Metode Dpph (1,1-diphenil-2-picrylhydarzyl). 2022;11:1315-1320.
Setiawan F, Yunita O, Kurniawan A. Uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol kayu secang dan FRAP. Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana. 2018;2(2):82-89.
Widyasanti A, Rohdiana D, Ekatama N. Antioxidant Activities of White Tea Extract (Camellia Sinensis) Using DPPH (2,2 Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) Method. Vol 1.; 2016. http://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php
Petrina R, Alimuddin AH, Harlia. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Toksisitas Kulit Biji Pinang Sirih (Areca catechu L.). Jurnal Kimia Khatulistiwa. 2017;6(2):70-77.
Armin F, Dewi YY, Mahyuddin. Penentuan Kadar Senyawa Fenolat dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Buah Terung Belanda (Cyphomandra Betacea (Cav.) Sendtn) secara Spektrofotometri Visibel. Jurnal Farmasi Higea. 2011;3(1):1-15.
Hidayati JR, Fitri M, Hasibuan BZ, et al. Antioxidant Activity and Bioactive Coumpounds Extract of Xylocarpus granatum Fruit from Pengudang Village, Riau Island. J Mar Biotechnol Immunol. 2025;3(1):3026-1457.
Benzie IFF, Strain JJ. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Anal Biochem. 1996;239:70-76.
Gulcin I. Antioxidants and antioxidant methods: An updated overview. Arch Toxicol. 2020;94:651-715.
Echegaray N, Pateiro M, Munekata PES, et al. Measurement of antioxidant capacity of meat and meat products: Methods and applications. Molecules. 2021;26(13):1-21. doi:10.3390/molecules26133880
Indriyah SIN, Permatasari DAI, Pratama KJ. Penetapan Kadar Fenolik Serta Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak dan Fraksi Batang Bajakah Kalalawit (Uncaria Gambir Roxb) Dengan Metode FRAP. Jurnal Kesehatan Tradisional. 2023;1(2):147-158. doi:10.47861/usd.v1i2..347
Rumpf J, Burger R, Schulze M. Statistical evaluation of DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and Folin-Ciocalteu assays to assess the antioxidant capacity of lignins. Int J Biol Macromol. 2023;233:1-9. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123470
Ansyori AK, Tamrin M, Sa’adah H. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Biji Buah Nyirih (Xylocarpus granatum) Dengan Metode Dpph Secara Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. 2024;6(2):233-248.
Rodriguez PH, Baquero LP, Larrota HR. Flavonoids. Elsevier Inc.; 2019. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-814774-0.00014-1
Macaakova K, Afonso R, Saso L, Mladenka P. The influence of alkaloids on oxidative stress and related signaling pathways. Free Radic Biol Med. 2019;134(January):429-444. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.026
Vrianty D, Laila RQ, Widowati W, et al. Comparison of Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Core Extract and Luteolin Compound Perbandingan Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Anti-Tirosinase pada Ekstrak Bonggol Nanas (Ananas comosus) dan Senyawa Luteolin 1 2 2 1 1 1. Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya. 2019;30(4):240-246.
Kumaradewi DAP, Subaidah WA, Andayani Y, Al-Mokaram A. Phytochemical Screening and Activity Test of Antioxidant Ethanol Extract of Buni Leaves (Antidesma bunius L. Spreng) Using DPPH Method. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA. 2021;7(2):275. doi:10.29303/jppipa.v7i2.675
Chen Y, Miao Y, Huang L, et al. Antioxidant activities of saponins extracted from Radix Trichosanthis: An in vivo and in vitro evaluation. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14(1):1-8. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-86
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma Wardani, Ketut Agus Adrianta, Ni Nyoman Wahyu Udayani, Ni Luh Gede Erica Fridayana, Ni Nyoman Yudianti Mendra, Ni Made Dharma Shantini Suena
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
