Physical Properties and DPPH Radical-Scavenging Activity of Granules Containing Mango Leaf and Noni Fruit Extracts at Different Primojel® Concentrations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v12i2.14764Keywords:
Antioxidant, granule, Mangifera indica, Morinda citrifolia, physical qualityAbstract
Background: Oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases, highlighting the need for antioxidant-based interventions. Mango leaf (Mangifera indica L.) and noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) extracts are known to possess antioxidant activity. However, their combination in rapidly disintegrating granule formulations remains limitedly explored.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying Primojel® concentrations as a superdisintegrant on the physical characteristics and antiradical activity of granules containing combined mango leaf and noni fruit extracts.
Methods: Granules were prepared using five Primojel® concentrations, namely 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% for F1 to F5, respectively. Physical evaluations included organoleptic properties, pH, particle size distribution, moisture content, flow rate, angle of repose, compressibility index, and dispersion time. DPPH radical-scavenging activity was evaluated and expressed as IC₅₀ values. Statistical analysis was performed only on parameters with replicated data.
Results: Increasing Primojel® concentration shortened granule dispersion time, with F5 showing the fastest dispersion. Based on descriptive comparison, F5 also showed the lowest IC₅₀ value of 61.33 µg/mL. Several physical parameters, including pH, particle size distribution, and flowability, did not fully meet the required specifications. Varying Primojel® concentrations significantly affected dispersion time and pH, while moisture content and compressibility showed significant but non-linear changes among formulations.
Conclusion: Higher Primojel® concentrations shortened dispersion time, while all formulations exhibited measurable DPPH radical-scavenging activity. These findings contribute to the development of herbal granule formulations. However, further formulation optimization, particularly regarding binder type and concentration, is required to obtain granules with acceptable physical quality for pharmaceutical development.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Made Dharma Shantini Suena, Ni Komang Sinta Yuli Pratiwi, Kd Dwi Payanti Pitaloka, I Gede Made Suradnyana, I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma Wardani, Ni Putu Udayana Antari
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