Formulasi dan Identifikasi Senyawa Minyak Atsiri Citrus hystrix DC. dengan GC-MS untuk Aktivitas Repelan terhadap Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v11i2.11352Kata Kunci:
Aedes aegypti, buah jeruk purut, GC-MS, minyak atsiri, repelanAbstrak
Pengendalian nyamuk berbasis tanaman merupakan alternatif yang menjanjikan untuk mengurangi risiko toksisitas insektisida kimia. Citrus hystrix DC. (jeruk purut) adalah anggota genus Citrus yang menghasilkan minyak atsiri dengan potensi bioaktivitas, termasuk limonena, sitronelal, dan terpinolena yang diketahui memiliki sifat antimikroba dan insektisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekstraksi minyak atsiri dari buah jeruk purut, mengidentifikasi komponen kimia menggunakan gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), serta mengevaluasi efektivitas sediaan spray minyak atsiri sebagai repelan terhadap Aedes aegypti. Minyak atsiri diekstraksi melalui metode destilasi uap-air, kemudian dianalisis dengan GC-MS untuk menentukan profil senyawa. Uji repelan dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan 100 ekor nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang dibagi ke dalam lima kelompok perlakuan, dengan tiga variasi konsentrasi minyak atsiri (5%, 10%, dan 15%). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji ANOVA satu arah dan uji lanjut post-hoc. Hasil GC-MS menunjukkan 90 senyawa teridentifikasi, dengan lima komponen dominan yaitu D-limonene (14,57%), limonene (13,92%), sitronelal (6,66%), terpinolena (6,47%), dan α-terpineol (5,74%). Uji efektivitas menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi 15% memberikan daya proteksi tertinggi terhadap pendaratan nyamuk. Temuan ini menegaskan potensi minyak atsiri jeruk purut sebagai repelan alami yang efektif dan memberikan dasar ilmiah untuk pengembangan produk pengendalian nyamuk yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian ini berkontribusi pada upaya pengurangan ketergantungan terhadap insektisida sintetis dan mendukung strategi pengendalian vektor yang lebih aman bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan.
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