Originality

Authors must ensure that submitted manuscripts represent their original work. Plagiarism and self-plagiarism are not permitted.

Use of Sources

When authors use the ideas, data, arguments, images, or words of others, the original sources must be appropriately cited. Verbatim material must be clearly identified through quotation marks, block quotations, or other appropriate formatting and accompanied by accurate references.

Duplicate Submission and Publication

Authors must not submit or publish manuscripts describing substantially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Concurrent submission of the same manuscript to more than one journal constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.

Acknowledgement of Sources

Proper acknowledgement of the work of others must always be provided. Authors must cite publications and other sources that have significantly influenced the conception, methodology, analysis, or interpretation of the reported research.

Self-Plagiarism and Text Recycling

Authors must appropriately disclose and cite their previously published work. Substantial reuse of previously published text, data, tables, figures, or research findings without proper attribution or editorial justification is considered self-plagiarism.

Editorial Screening Process

1. The Editorial Team conducts an initial examination of each submitted manuscript, including a manual review of citations, quotations, references, and possible textual overlap with offline and online sources.
2. The manuscript is screened using Turnitin or another similarity-detection system approved by the journal.
3. The similarity report is evaluated by the Editorial Team to identify the sources, extent, and context of textual overlap.
4. Manuscripts showing a similarity index exceeding 20% may be rejected when the report indicates plagiarism, inappropriate textual reuse, or insufficient attribution.
5. The Editorial Team may request clarification or revision when the identified similarities relate to quotations, references, standard terminology, methodological descriptions, or other legitimate textual overlap.

Editorial Action

When plagiarism or another form of improper textual reuse is identified, the journal may reject the manuscript, request substantial revision, withdraw the manuscript from consideration, correct or retract a published article, or notify the authors' institution when appropriate. Editorial action will be determined according to the seriousness and context of the violation.