General Requirements

• Authors should submit only manuscripts that have been carefully proofread.
• The manuscript must constitute a scholarly work based on research findings or conceptual legal analysis.
• The manuscript must be written in English.
• The manuscript must be original, free from plagiarism, and must not have been published elsewhere.
• The manuscript must not be under consideration for publication by another journal at the time of submission.

Manuscript Format

• The manuscript should contain approximately 7,000–12,000 words.
• The manuscript must be prepared using Constantia font, size 10 pt.
• Line spacing must be set to 1.25.
• The manuscript must use A4 paper size.
• Authors must use and follow the journal's official manuscript template.

Title

The title must be written as an effective and informative phrase or sentence consisting of no more than 15 words.

Where applicable, the title or manuscript information should include the research contract number and the source of research funding.

Author Identity

The manuscript must include complete information for each author, consisting of:

• full name;
• institutional affiliation; and
• active email address.

The corresponding author's email address must remain active because editorial correspondence will be conducted through email and the journal's submission system.

Abstract

• The abstract must contain approximately 150–250 words.
• The abstract should briefly present the research background, objectives, methodology, results or findings, and conclusion.
• The abstract must be self-contained and must not include citations or references.
• The abstract must be written with justified alignment, using Gramond FB font, size 13 pt, and single spacing.

Introduction

The introduction must clearly identify and explain the legal issue addressed in the manuscript.

Before presenting the research objective, authors should provide:

• an adequate background to the study;
• a concise review of relevant literature;
• an explanation of existing approaches or solutions;
• an identification of the limitations of previous studies;
• the scientific contribution or novelty of the manuscript; and
• the urgency and objectives of the study.

The research problem or central legal question must be clearly stated at the end of the introduction.

Research Problems

Authors must clearly formulate the legal issue or research question examined in the manuscript. At least one principal research problem must be identified and analysed.

Research Methods

The research method must be presented descriptively and should explain, where applicable:

• the type of research;
• the research approach;
• the sources of data or legal materials;
• the methods of collecting data or legal materials;
• the method of analysis; and
• the mechanism used to analyse the relevant legal issues.

The methods section should provide sufficient information for readers to understand the approach used in the study.

For manuscripts presenting conceptual legal ideas or doctrinal analysis without a distinct empirical research method, a separate research-method section may be omitted where appropriate.

Results and Discussion

The results must be presented clearly, systematically, and concisely. The discussion must analyse the significance and implications of the findings rather than merely repeating them.

Authors should avoid excessive citation and lengthy repetition of previously published literature. The discussion should demonstrate critical legal analysis, engagement with relevant scholarship, and the manuscript's contribution to the field.

Authors should consult the official journal template for more detailed formatting requirements.

Conclusion

The conclusion must present the principal findings and key arguments of the study in a concise manner. It should directly respond to the research problems and guide readers to the main contributions of the manuscript.

The conclusion should not merely repeat the abstract, introduction, or discussion.

Suggestions

Authors should provide suggestions or recommendations relevant to the object of analysis. Recommendations may address legal reform, institutional practice, policy development, implementation, or opportunities for further research.

References

• The reference list must include only sources cited in the manuscript.
• Authors are expected to use a minimum of 80 references.
• At least 80% of the references should consist of journal articles published between 2018 and 2025.
• Authors should prioritise relevant, authoritative, and recent scholarly sources.
• Authors must use a reference-management application such as Zotero, Mendeley, or EndNote.
• References and body notes must follow the Modern Humanities Research Association, Third Edition—MHRA 3rd Edition style.
• Authors should consult the journal template for detailed citation and reference formatting.

Body Notes

Sources must be cited consistently using body notes or footnotes in accordance with the journal's prescribed MHRA 3rd Edition style.

Every source cited in the text or notes must appear in the reference list. Conversely, every entry in the reference list must be cited in the manuscript.

Reference Management

Authors are strongly required to use reference-management software to maintain consistency and accuracy in citations and references.

Before submission, authors must verify:

• the spelling of authors' names;
• publication years;
• article and journal titles;
• volume, issue, and page information;
• publisher information, where applicable;
• DOIs and URLs; and
• consistency between citations and the reference list.

Submission Compliance

Before submitting a manuscript, authors must ensure that:

• the manuscript complies with the journal's focus and scope;
• the manuscript follows the official template;
• all identifying information has been removed from the anonymised review file;
• all required metadata have been entered into the submission system;
• all authors have approved the submitted version;
• all citations and references have been verified;
• all required declarations have been completed; and
• the manuscript has been carefully proofread for language, formatting, and technical accuracy.