Authorship Criteria

All authors must have made significant contributions in the following areas:

1. The conception or design of the study, the acquisition of data, or the analysis and interpretation of data.
2. Drafting the manuscript or critically revising it to ensure substantial intellectual content and scholarly quality.
3. Providing final approval of the version to be submitted and published.

Individuals who do not meet these criteria should not be listed as authors.

Author Accountability

All authors must accept responsibility for the content of the manuscript and be accountable for ensuring that questions concerning the accuracy, originality, or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Each author must be able to identify the contributions of the other authors and should have confidence in the integrity of those contributions.

Author Approval

Before submission, all authors must:

• review and approve the final manuscript;
• agree to its submission to Jurnal Hukum Saraswati (JHS);
• approve the order in which the authors are listed;
• confirm that the authorship information is accurate and complete; and
• agree to be accountable for the published work.

Corresponding Author

The corresponding author is responsible for communication with the journal during submission, peer review, revision, production, and publication.

The corresponding author must ensure that:

• all eligible contributors are included as authors;
• no ineligible individual is listed as an author;
• all authors have approved the submitted manuscript;
• all required declarations have been completed; and
• all authors are informed of editorial decisions and requested revisions.

Contributorship

Authors may be required to provide a statement describing the specific contribution of each author to the research and preparation of the manuscript.

Contributions may include:

• conceptualization;
• research design or methodology;
• data collection;
• data analysis and interpretation;
• drafting the manuscript;
• critical revision;
• supervision;
• project administration; and
• final approval.

Acknowledgements

Individuals who contributed to the work but do not meet the criteria for authorship should be acknowledged appropriately, subject to their consent.

Such contributions may include:

• administrative or technical support;
• language editing;
• data collection assistance;
• general supervision;
• funding acquisition without substantial intellectual contribution; or
• other support that does not qualify for authorship.

Unacceptable Authorship Practices

The journal does not permit inappropriate authorship practices, including:

• Guest authorship: listing an individual who made no substantial contribution to the work;
• Gift or honorary authorship: granting authorship based on position, reputation, authority, or institutional relationship;
• Ghost authorship: failing to identify an individual who made a substantial contribution to the manuscript;
• Purchased authorship: adding or selling authorship without a legitimate scholarly contribution; and
• listing an individual as an author without their knowledge or approval.

Changes to Authorship

Requests to add, remove, or rearrange authors must be submitted to the Editorial Team before the manuscript is accepted.

The request must include:

• a clear explanation of the reason for the proposed change;
• written agreement from all listed authors;
• written agreement from any author being added or removed; and
• confirmation from the corresponding author that all parties approve the change.

Changes to authorship after acceptance or publication will be considered only in exceptional circumstances and may require the publication of a formal correction.

Authorship Disputes

The journal does not determine authorship contributions on behalf of research teams or institutions. Authors are expected to resolve authorship disputes through their institution or another appropriate authority.

The editorial process may be suspended while an authorship dispute is being investigated.

Editorial Action

False, misleading, unauthorized, or disputed authorship information may result in:

• a request for clarification or supporting documentation;
• suspension of the editorial process;
• rejection of the manuscript;
• publication of a correction;
• retraction of a published article; or
• notification of the authors' institution when appropriate.