Effectiveness of 3% Clove Leaf Extract Ointment (Syzygium Aromaticum) with Sodium Saccharin on Wound Healing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46862/interdental.v21i3.12544Keywords:
Penyembuhan luka, Ekstrak daun cengkeh, sel fibroblas, eksperimen in vivo, sodium saccharinAbstract
Introduction: Wound healing requires a complex process, involving biocellular and biochemical responses, as well as the formation of new tissue to restore bodily functions such as fibroblast production. Clove leaves (Syzygium aromaticum) contain active compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, and eugenol, which can help reduce inflammation and support new tissue formation. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a 3% clove leaf extract ointment combined with Sodium saccharin.
Material and Methods: This was an in vivo experimental study using a post-test only control group design. Thirty male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 2-3 months with a body weight of 150-200 grams were randomly selected. The samples were divided into three treatment groups, namely negative control (Adeps lanae and Vaseline album), positive control (Enbatic ointment), and treatment group (3% clove leaf extract ointment with Sodium saccharin). An incision was made on the back of each rat, and then they were given treatment for 7 days. The number of fibroblasts was observed using a microscope with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Data analysis used a one-way ANOVA test.
Results and Discussions: Administration of 3% clove leaf extract ointment with Sodium saccharin can increase the number of fibroblasts compared to negative controls and positive controls. The results of the ANOVA analysis showed a significant difference between the treatment group, positive control, and negative control (p < 0.05). This means that the ointment formulation provides better results in supporting wound healing compared to the control treatment. Sodium saccharin increases the comfort of using the ointment, also showing that its effectiveness is not significantly different compared to 3% clove leaf extract ointment without addition.
Conclusion: A concentration 3% of clove leaf extract (Syzygium aromaticum) ointment supplemented with Sodium saccharin is more effective in increasing the number of fibroblast cells.
Downloads
References
1. Ariningrum D, Subandono J, Metria IB, Agustriani N, Muthmainah, Wijayanti L, Putra KY, Mulyani S, et al. Buku Pedoman Keterampilan Klinis Manajemen Luka. Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi, Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas Maret. Fakultas Kedokteran; 2018. h.12-15. Available at: https://skillslab.fk.uns.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/MANUAL-Manajemen-Luka-Part-1_2018-smt-3.pdf
2. Aulton, Michael E, Taylor KMG. Aulton’s Pharmaceutics: The Design and Manufacture of Medicines, Fifth edition. UK: Elsevier Ltd; 2018. p.301-313.
3. Banerjee K. Madhyastha H, Sandur RV, NTM, NT, Thiagarajan P. Anti-inflammatory and wound healing potential of a clove oil emulsion. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2020; 193(1):111102. Doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111102
4. Mardiyantoro F, Munika K, Sutanti V, Cahyati M & Pratiwi AR. Penyembuhan luka rongga mulut, Malang: Universitas Brawijaya Press; 2018. h.37-50
5. Morris PJ, Malt RA. Oxford Textbook of surgery. New York: Oxford University Press; 1990. p.24-46
6. Morison, Moya J. Manajemen luka. Jakarta: EGC; 2004. p.25-35
7. Suharto IPS, Etika AN. Ekstrak jahe (Zingiber officinale roscoe) berpengaruh terhadap kepadatan serabut kolagen luka insisi. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan 2019; 7(1): 27-36. Doi: 10.33366/jc.v7i1.1106
8. Ferreira MC, Tuma P, Carvalho VF, Kamamoto F. Complex wounds. Clinics 2006; 61(1):571-578. Doi: 10.1590/s1807-59322006000600014
9. Sumbayak EM. Fibroblas: Struktur dan peranannya dalam penyembuhan luka. Jurnal Kedokteran Meditek 2016; 21(57): 1-6. Doi: 10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v21i57.1169
10. Marchese A, Barbieri R, Coppo E, Orhan IE, Daglia M, Nabavi SF, Ajami M. Antimicrobial activity of eugenol and essential oils containing eugenol: A Mechanistic viewpoint. Critical Reviews in Microbiology 2017; 43(6): 668- 689. Doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2017.1295225
11. Li K, Diao Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhang Z, Yu B, Yang H. Tannin extracts from immature fruits of terminalia chebula fructus retz. Promote cutaneous wound healing in rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011; 11(1): 1-9. Doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-86
12. Correia AM. et al. Basil, tea tree and clove essential oils as analgesics and anaesthetics in amphiprion clarkii (Bennett, 1830). Brazilian Journal of Biology 2018; 78(3): 436–442. Doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.166695.
13. Runtunuwu SD, Mamarimbing R, Tumewu P, Sondakh T. Konsentrasi paclobutrazol dan pertumbuhan tinggi bibit cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merryl & Perry). Eugenia 2011; 17(2): 135-142. Doi.org/10.35791/eug.17.2.2011.3535
14. Kumala S, Indriani D. Efek antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun cengkeh (Eugenia aromatic L.). Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia 2008; 4(2): 82-87. Doi: 10.35617/JFI.V4I2.14
15. Rasy V. 30 Tanaman Herbal untuk Pengobatan Tradisional. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Sakti; 2013. p.26-35.
16. Douglas Mackay ND, Alan L Miller ND. Nutritional support for wound healing. Alternative Medicine Review 2003; 8(4): 359-377.
17. Nurrahayu KI, Etika AN, Suharto IPS. Pengaruh ekstrak jahe (Zingiber officinale roscoe) terhadap jumlah sel fibroblas pada tikus (rattus norvegicus). Journal of Nursing Care and Biomoleculer 2017; 2(1): 10- 14.
18. Safitri AM. Sodium saccharin: manfaat, dosis, & efek samping. 2020. Available at: https://www.honestdocs.id/Sodium-saccharin.
19. Wigata K D. Uji Toksisitas Akut Dan Alergi Ekstrak Daun Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) pada mencit (Mus musculus L.) Disertasi. Denpasar: Pascasarjana Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar; 2022.
20. Poernomo H, Taha M, Paskarani M. Effectiveness of cengkeh leaf extract ointment (Syzygium aromaticum l.) on the number of fibroblast cells on healing of injection wistar walls (rattus norvegicus). Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) 2025; 21(2): 269-276. Doi:10.46862/interdental.v21i2.12058
21. Musdalipah & Iqbal M. Formulasi sediaan salep bisul dari ekstrak daun bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa L. Pers). Journal Syifa Sciences And Clinical Research. Makassar 2022; 4(2): 297-303. Doi: 10.37311/jsscr.v4i2.14140
22. Davis SE, Tulandi S, Datu O, Sangande F, Pareta D. Formulasi dan pengujian sediaan salep ekstrak etanol daun kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosa sinensis L.) dengan berbagai variasi basis salep. Jurnal Biofarmasetika Tropis 2022; 5(1): 67. Doi: 10.37311/jsscr.v4i2.14140
23. Palumpun EF, Wiraguna AA, Pangkahila W. Pemberian ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle) secara topikal meningkatkan ketebalan epidermis, jumlah fibroblas, dan jumlah kolagen dalam proses penyembuhan luka pada tikus jantan galur wistar (Rattus norvegicus). eBiomedik 2017; 5(1): 1-7. Doi: 10.35790/ebm.v5i1.15037
24. Zain MSC, Lee SY, Sarian MN, Fakurazi S, Shaari K. In vitro wound healing potential of flavonoid c-glycosides from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis jacq.) leaves on 3t3 fibroblast cells. Antioxidants 2020; 9(4): 326. Doi: 10.3390/antiox9040326
25. Khairunnisa SF, Ningtyas AA, Haykal SA, Sari M. Efektivitas getah pohon pisang (Musa paradisiaca) pada penyembuhan luka soket pasca pencabutan gigi Effectivity of banana (Musa paradisiaca) tree sap extract in socket wound healing after tooth extraction. Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran 2018; 30(2): 107-112. Doi: 10.3390/antiox9040326
26. Lathifatunnuraniah L. Efektivitas zat aktif berbasis tanaman terhadap jumlah fibroblas pada luka pasca pencabutan gigi tikus wistar. Doctoral dissertation. Makassar: Universitas Hasanuddin; 2020.
27. Bhuiyan Md NI, Begum J, Nandi NC, Akter F. Contituents of the essential oil from leaves and buds of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L)Alston). African Journal of Plant Science 2010; 4(11): 451-454.
28. Fitriani F, Soetojo A, Subiwahjudi, A, Yuanita T. Sitotoksisitas ekstrak kulit kakao (Theobroma cacao) terhadap kultur sel fibroblas BHK 21. Conservative Dentistry Journal 2019; 9(1):54-65. Doi: 10.20473/cdj.v9i1.2019.54-65
29. Cortés-Rojas DF, de Souza CRF, Oliveira WP. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum): A precious spice, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014; 4(2): 90–96. Doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(14)60215-X.
30. Hasim F, Batubara I, Suparto IH., The potency of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil as slimming aromatherapy by in vivo assay, International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences; 2016; 7(1): 110-116. Doi: 10.5158/ijb.2016.7(1).110-116
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Hendri Poernomo, Setiawan, Sebastian Pernando Hiro
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- Every manuscript submitted to must observe the policy and terms set by the Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
- Publication rights to manuscript content published by the Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) is owned by the journal with the consent and approval of the author(s) concerned.
- Full texts of electronically published manuscripts can be accessed free of charge and used according to the license shown below.
