Author Guidelines

EMAS welcomes scholarly manuscripts that provide original, relevant, and meaningful contributions to the advancement of knowledge in economics, management, business, and related fields. To ensure the quality, consistency, and integrity of published articles, authors are required to follow these Author Guidelines, the official manuscript template, the Peer Review Process, and other applicable journal policies.

Submission of a manuscript indicates that the work is original, has not been previously published, is not simultaneously under consideration by another journal, and has been approved by all listed authors.

How to Write the Title and Author Information

The title of the manuscript should be informative, concise, specific, and accurately reflect the principal content of the study. The title should be written according to the format provided in the official EMAS manuscript template.

For manuscripts written in Bahasa Indonesia, the title must also be provided in English. Manuscripts written entirely in English require an English title.

EMAS applies a double-blind peer-review process. Authors are therefore required to prepare their manuscripts in a manner that maintains anonymity throughout the peer-review process.

Complete and accurate information concerning all authors must be entered in the OJS submission metadata. The order of authors should reflect the authors' agreed scholarly contributions. The corresponding author may be any of the listed authors and is responsible for communication with the journal during submission, review, revision, production, and post-publication processes.

Author names should be written in full without academic or professional titles. Affiliations should include the institution, city, and country.

Authors may provide their ORCID identifiers in the OJS submission metadata, where available.

The Manuscript Text's General Guidelines Are as Follows:

1. The manuscript must present original scholarly work that has not been previously published and is not simultaneously submitted to or under consideration by another journal.
2. Manuscripts may be written in Bahasa Indonesia or English and must follow the official EMAS manuscript template.
3. EMAS accepts Original Research Articles using quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods approaches, as well as Review Articles. Authors should ensure that the manuscript structure and methodological description are appropriate to the type of study or review conducted.
4. Manuscripts must be prepared using Microsoft Word (.docx), on A4-sized paper (210 × 297 mm), with normal margins, Aptos Narrow font, 11-point font size, and single-line spacing, unless otherwise specified in the official manuscript template.
5. The maximum manuscript length, including tables, figures, references, and appendices, is:
   • Original Research Articles: maximum 15 pages.
   • Review Articles: maximum 20 pages.
6. Manuscripts must be submitted through the Online Journal System (OJS) of EMAS. Authors are responsible for ensuring that the manuscript and all submission metadata are complete, accurate, and consistent.
7. Manuscripts must comply with the journal's double-blind peer-review process and should be prepared in a manner that preserves author anonymity during peer review.
8. All submitted manuscripts are subject to similarity screening. Similarity reports are evaluated qualitatively by the editorial team. A similarity percentage alone does not constitute proof of plagiarism. Further provisions are governed by the journal's Plagiarism Policy and Publication Ethics.
9. Manuscripts that do not substantially comply with the Author Guidelines, official manuscript template, aims and scope, or basic scientific requirements may be returned to the authors before peer review.
10. Original Research Articles should normally contain the following sections: Title, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Literature Review and/or Theoretical Framework where applicable, Methods, Results and Discussion, Limitations and Future Research, Conclusion, Declarations, Acknowledgments where applicable, and References.
11. For Original Research Articles, the methodological section should be adapted to the research approach used, including quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods research.
12. Review Articles should normally contain the following sections: Title, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Review Method, Results and Discussion, Limitations and Future Research, Conclusion, Declarations, Acknowledgments where applicable, and References.
13. The review method should be appropriate to the type of review conducted and should clearly describe the procedures used to identify, select, evaluate, and synthesize relevant literature.
14. Main section headings should be written in bold and title case and aligned to the left according to the official manuscript template. Subheadings may be used where necessary to improve the clarity and organization of the manuscript.
15. Foreign or uncommon terms that have not been assimilated into the language of the manuscript should be written in italics where appropriate.
16. Tables and figures should be positioned as close as possible to their first reference in the manuscript and should be prepared according to the journal's formatting requirements.
17. Authors are expected to use clear, formal, coherent, and academically appropriate language. Manuscripts requiring substantial language improvement may be returned for revision before or during the editorial process.

The Guidelines for the Manuscript Body Text

Title: The title should be concise, clear, specific, and accurately reflect the main topic or focus of the manuscript. Avoid unnecessary abbreviations, unclear expressions, excessive technical terms, and overly general wording. The research location should only be included when it is relevant to the study. The title must follow the format and style specified in the official manuscript template. For articles written in Bahasa Indonesia, an English version of the title is not required.

Abstract: The abstract must be concise, informative, self-contained, and written in a maximum of 200 words. For manuscripts written in Bahasa Indonesia, abstracts must be provided in both Bahasa Indonesia and English. For manuscripts written in English, an English abstract is required. For quantitative research, the abstract should briefly present the research problem or research gap, objective, methods, principal findings, conclusion, and theoretical and/or practical implications where relevant. For review articles, the abstract should include the review problem or research gap, objective, review method, principal findings, conclusion, and implications. Citations, tables, figures, and unexplained abbreviations should not be included in the abstract.

Keywords: Authors must provide three to five keywords or key phrases representing the principal concepts of the manuscript. Keywords should facilitate article discovery in databases and search systems, should be sufficiently specific, and should avoid unnecessary repetition of words already contained in the title.

Introduction: The Introduction should clearly explain the background and significance of the research problem and establish the scientific rationale for the study. It should include relevant and current literature, a clear state-of-the-art overview, critical synthesis of previous research, identification of unresolved issues or inconsistencies in the literature, a clearly articulated research gap, and the originality or novelty of the present study. The expected theoretical and/or practical contribution should be stated clearly. The research objective, research question, or review objective should be presented toward the end of the Introduction. The Introduction should not consist merely of a sequential description of previous studies.

Literature Review and/or Theoretical Framework: This section should present the theoretical foundations and relevant empirical evidence supporting the study. Authors should critically synthesize relevant literature and clearly explain how the study is positioned within existing knowledge. For quantitative studies involving hypothesis testing, each hypothesis should be logically developed from appropriate theoretical and empirical arguments and stated clearly. For studies that do not use formal hypotheses, including qualitative and mixed-methods research where applicable, this section may present a theoretical framework, conceptual framework, propositions, research questions, or other relevant theoretical development.

Methods – Quantitative Research: The Methods section should provide sufficient information to allow readers and reviewers to evaluate the validity, reliability, and reproducibility of the research. Authors should explain, where relevant, the research design, research setting and period, population and unit of analysis, participants or respondents, sampling method, sample-size determination or justification, variables or constructs, operational definitions, data sources, measurement instruments, validity and reliability evidence, data-collection procedures, analytical methods, relevant analytical assumptions and diagnostic procedures, and statistical software where applicable. The analytical method must be appropriate to the research objectives, data characteristics, and study design.

Methods – Qualitative Research: For qualitative research, authors should clearly describe the qualitative approach or research design, research setting and period, participants or informants, sampling or participant-selection procedures, data sources, data-collection techniques, research instruments where applicable, and procedures used to analyze and interpret the data. Authors should also explain the procedures used to ensure the credibility, dependability, confirmability, and/or transferability of the findings where relevant. The methodological approach and analytical procedures must be appropriate to the research objectives and the nature of the data.

Methods – Mixed-Methods Research: For mixed-methods research, authors should clearly explain the quantitative and qualitative components of the study and the rationale for combining them. The Methods section should describe the mixed-methods design, sampling procedures, data-collection methods, analytical procedures for each component, sequence or timing of the quantitative and qualitative phases, and the procedures used to integrate or connect the findings. The integration strategy should be appropriate to the research objectives and clearly explained.

Review Method: Review Articles must describe the review process clearly, transparently, and systematically according to the type of review conducted. Authors should explain, where relevant, the review objective or research question, methodological framework or review protocol, databases or information sources, search period, keywords and/or search strings, inclusion and exclusion criteria, literature-search strategy, screening and selection procedures, duplicate-removal procedures, quality appraisal, data-extraction procedures, and methods of analysis and synthesis. For systematic reviews, authors are encouraged to follow an appropriate reporting framework such as PRISMA, where applicable. A flow diagram illustrating the literature identification and selection process should be provided where relevant to the review method used.

Results: The Results section should present the principal findings clearly, logically, objectively, and systematically. The findings should directly address the research objectives, research questions, and/or hypotheses and must be supported by sufficient evidence. Authors should avoid unnecessary duplication between the text, tables, and figures. For quantitative studies, relevant statistical estimates, effect measures, confidence intervals, significance values, model-fit information, or other analytical evidence should be reported where appropriate. For qualitative studies, the results should clearly present the main themes, categories, patterns, or interpretations supported by appropriate evidence. For mixed-methods studies, findings from the quantitative and qualitative components should be presented clearly, with their integration explained where appropriate. For Review Articles, the results should clearly present relevant characteristics, patterns, themes, trends, relationships, developments, or research gaps identified through the review.

Discussion: The Discussion must interpret and critically synthesize the findings rather than merely repeat the Results. Authors should explain the meaning and significance of the findings, relate them to the research objectives and theoretical framework, compare them critically with relevant previous studies, and explain consistencies, differences, or unexpected findings. The Discussion should clearly identify the scientific contribution of the study and explain relevant theoretical, managerial, business, policy, or practical implications. Causal interpretations should be avoided where they are not supported by the research design. For qualitative and mixed-methods studies, interpretation should remain consistent with the methodological approach and evidence generated by the study. For Review Articles, the Discussion should extend beyond a descriptive summary and provide critical synthesis, conceptual insight, identification of research gaps, and meaningful directions for future research.

Limitations and Future Research: Authors should identify the important limitations of the study and explain how they may influence the interpretation, validity, transferability, or generalizability of the findings. Limitations may relate to research design, sampling, measurement, data availability, analytical methods, geographical or institutional context, literature database coverage, search strategy, or other relevant methodological considerations. Recommendations for future research should follow logically from the study's findings and limitations.

Conclusion: The Conclusion should directly answer the research objective or review question, synthesize the principal findings, and clearly identify the study's scientific contribution. Appropriate theoretical and/or practical implications may also be stated. The Conclusion should not simply repeat the Results and Discussion and should not introduce substantial new evidence, citations, or arguments.

Research Ethics and Informed Consent: Research involving human participants, animals, or other subjects requiring ethical consideration must comply with applicable ethical standards. Where applicable, authors must provide appropriate information concerning ethical approval and/or informed consent in the manuscript.

Declarations: Authors should provide appropriate declarations relevant to the study. These may include Author Contributions, Funding, Conflict of Interest, Data Availability, and disclosure of the use of generative artificial intelligence where applicable. Authors must comply with the journal's relevant standalone policies concerning publication ethics, research integrity, and Generative AI.

Acknowledgments: The Acknowledgments section may recognize individuals or organizations that made meaningful contributions to the work but do not meet the criteria for authorship. Individuals who meet authorship criteria should be listed as authors rather than acknowledged. Funding information should be reported separately where applicable.

Tables: Tables should be numbered consecutively using Arabic numerals and referred to in the manuscript text. Each table should have a concise and informative title placed above the table. Necessary notes or sources may be provided below the table. Tables must be submitted as editable content rather than as images. Vertical lines should be avoided, while horizontal lines should be used only where necessary to improve readability.

Figures: Figures, graphs, charts, and other visual materials should be numbered consecutively and clearly referred to in the manuscript. Each figure should have an informative caption. Image-based materials should have sufficient resolution for publication, preferably at least 300 dpi. Authors are responsible for obtaining permission to reproduce copyrighted materials where required.

References: Each manuscript must include at least 15 relevant references. More than 80% of the references should consist of primary research sources, and more than 80% should preferably have been published within the most recent 10 years. Seminal or classical references older than ten years may be included where scientifically relevant and necessary. References must be directly relevant to the manuscript. Excessive, irrelevant, inappropriate, or manipulative self-citation should be avoided. Every reference cited in the manuscript must appear in the reference list, and every reference included in the reference list must be cited in the manuscript. DOI or other persistent identifiers should be provided where available.

The Guidelines for Citations and References

All ideas, data, statements, findings, quotations, tables, figures, or other material derived from other sources must be appropriately acknowledged through accurate citation.

Citations and references in EMAS must follow the latest edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA). Authors are responsible for ensuring that citations and references are complete, accurate, relevant, and consistently formatted according to the applicable APA guidelines.

Authors may use reference-management software such as Mendeley to improve citation accuracy and consistency.

All in-text citations must correspond exactly with entries in the reference list, and all references listed must be cited in the manuscript.

Authors are responsible for verifying the accuracy of author names, publication years, article titles, journal titles, volume and issue numbers, page numbers or article numbers, and DOI or other persistent identifiers before submission.

Submission and Revision

All manuscripts must be submitted through the EMAS Online Journal System (OJS).

Authors are responsible for ensuring that the manuscript and submission metadata are complete and accurate, including the manuscript title, abstract, keywords, author information, affiliations, corresponding author information, and other required metadata. ORCID identifiers may be included where voluntarily provided by the authors.

Authors receiving a revision decision must submit a revised manuscript together with a detailed point-by-point response to the comments provided by reviewers and editors.

The response should clearly explain how each comment has been addressed. Where an author does not follow a reviewer recommendation, an appropriate scientific justification should be provided.

Submission of a revised manuscript does not guarantee acceptance for publication.

Authors should ensure that the revised manuscript continues to comply with these Author Guidelines, the official manuscript template, Publication Ethics, Peer Review Process, Plagiarism Policy, Generative AI Policy, and other applicable EMAS policies.