Potensi Antiinflamasi 6-Gingerol dan 6-Shogaol dari Zingiber officinale: Bukti Ilmiah dan Relevansi Klinis

I Gede Pasek Winantara Putra; Putu Oka Samirana

doi:10.36733/usadha.v5i2.14993

Penulis

I Gede Pasek Winantara Putra Program Studi Magister Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Putu Oka Samirana Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Udayana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36733/usadha.v5i2.14993

Kata Kunci:

Zingiber officinale, 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, anti-inflammatory, traditional medicine

Abstrak

Zingiber officinale (jahe) merupakan tanaman obat yang banyak digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional dan mengandung senyawa bioaktif, termasuk 6-gingerol dan 6-shogaol. Kajian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi antiinflamasi kedua senyawa berdasarkan bukti molekuler, praklinis, dan klinis serta menilai relevansinya terhadap pengembangan terapi antiinflamasi. Kajian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan narrative literature review. Literatur ditelusuri melalui PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, dan SpringerLink dengan kata kunci terkait Z. officinale, 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, inflamasi, mekanisme antiinflamasi, dan bukti klinis. Literatur yang dipertimbangkan berupa artikel penelitian primer dan tinjauan ilmiah berbahasa Indonesia atau Inggris yang diterbitkan pada 2020- Agustus 2026 dan relevan dengan fokus kajian. Bukti in vitro menunjukkan bahwa 6-gingerol dan 6-shogaol memodulasi jalur NF-κB, MAPK, dan mTOR serta menurunkan mediator proinflamasi. Bukti in vivo mendukung aktivitas antiinflamasi melalui pengendalian mediator inflamasi, inflammasom NLRP3, dan stres oksidatif. Bukti klinis langsung pada senyawa murni masih terbatas; sebagian besar data manusia berasal dari sediaan jahe dengan komposisi multipel. Dengan demikian, 6-gingerol dan 6-shogaol memiliki potensi antiinflamasi yang didukung bukti praklinis, tetapi efektivitas klinis kedua senyawa secara individual masih memerlukan konfirmasi melalui uji klinis terkontrol dengan dosis dan formulasi terstandar.

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