Efektivitas dan Efek Samping pada Terapi Multi-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB): Kajian Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v11i1.9685Kata Kunci:
amikasin, bedaquiline, fluorokuinolon, MDR-TBAbstrak
Multi-drug resistant tuberkulosis (MDR-TB) menyebabkan angka kesembuhan menjadi menurun. Secara global, angka kejadian MDR-TB pada tahun 2015-2020 relatif stabil namun terjadi peningkatan pada tahun 2021. Pada tahun 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) memperkirakan terdapat 437.000 kasus MDR-TB di dunia dan jumlah tersebut mengalami peningkatan menjadi 450.000 kasus pada tahun 2021. Adanya berbagai macam rejimen terapi yang direkomendasikan WHO maka perlu dilakukan sebuah kajian literatur yang memberikan gambaran tentang efektivitas terapi dan efek samping penggunaan obat pada kasus MDR-TB. Kajian ini akan memberikan keterbaruan informasi dan dapat dijadikan referensi untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengelola efek samping secara dini. Kajian literatur ini bersifat narrative review (kajian naratif) dengan mengumpulkan dan menelaah informasi dari berbagai artikel internasional tentang efektivitas dan efek samping pada penatalaksanaan MDR-TB. Pencarian artikel menggunakan database PubMed, PlosOne, dan ScienceDirect sejak Januari 2014 hingga Juni 2024. Sebanyak enam artikel relevan dari total 609 artikel yang disintesis. Secara deskriptif, efektivitas terapi MDR-TB menggunakan berbagai rejimen terapi dengan obat-obat yang direkomendasikan WHO menunjukkan angka kesembuhan yang tinggi (cured>50%). Angka kejadian efek samping pada terapi MDR-TB lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan efektivitas terapi. Namun, pada penelitian yang dilakukan di Rumah sakit di Wuhan Jinyintan-China pada periode Juli 2019-Desember 2020, menunjukkan adanya efek samping yang timbul pada semua subjek penelitian. Efek samping tersebut antara lain: mual dan muntah akibat penggunaan protionamide, gatifloksasin, dan etambutol; hiperurisemia akibat penggunaan pirazinamid, dan hiperpigmentasi akibat klofazimin. Pemilihan rejimen terapi disarankan berdasarkan pada hasil pemeriksaan kultur, kondisi pasien, serta ketersediaan obat di masing-masing negara.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Dwi Arymbhi Sanjaya, Herleeyana Meriyani, Rr. Asih Juanita, Nyoman Budiartha Siada, Lusy Noviani
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