Potensi Sirih (Piper betel L.) Sebagai Anti-Asma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36733/usadha.v2i1.3510Kata Kunci:
asma, evidence based herbal-medicine, sirih (Piper betel Linn), tanaman obatAbstrak
Asma merupakan peradangan saluran napas kronik dengan indikasi adanya mengi, batuk, dan rasa sesak yang timbul berulang .Studi epidemiologi menunjukkan hubungan yang kuat antara asma dan infeksi dengan patogen pernapasan, termasuk virus pernapasan umum seperti rhinovirus, human respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, coronavirus dan virus influenza, serta bakteri dan jamur. Salah satu upaya dalam pengobatan asma dapat menggunakan tanaman obat seperti tanaman sirih (Piper betel L.). Sirih menunjukan beberapa aktivitas farmakologis seperti antioksidan, antibakteri dan antihistamin sehingga berpotensi untuk digunakan dalam terapi asma. Tujuan penulisan artikel review ini untuk mempelajari aktivitas tanaman sirih sebagai tanaman obat dalam terapi asma. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyusunan artikel review ini yaitu studi literatur melalaui beberapa basis data yang kemudian diskrining dengan beberapa kriteria. Hasil review menunjukan bahwa kejadian asma berkaitan erat dengan stress oksidatif yang terbentuk karena tingginya radikal bebas. Kandungan senyawa fenolik seperti chatecol dan allylpyrocatecol pada tanaman sirih berperan sebagai antioksidan yang menghambat timbulnya stress oksidatif. Selain itu tanaman sirih juga menunjukan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri pneumonia. Ekstrak etanolik dan minyak atsiri daun sirih juga secara signifikan menunjukan aktivitas penghambatan bronkospasme yang diinduksi histamine. Berdasarkan hasil dapat disimpulkan bahwa tanaman sirih dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat alternatif untuk pengembangan obat dalam penatalaksanaan asma.
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