Physical Properties of Toothpaste Base Formulations

Authors

  • Karen Sofiana Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6329-5690
  • Octarina Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8764-8365
  • Florencia Livia Kurniawan Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7107-3142
  • Gladys Mawarni Siregar Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Fathilah Abdul Rajak School of Dentistry, Management and Science University, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46862/interdental.v22i2.13551

Keywords:

physical properties, toothpaste, formulation

Abstract

Introduction: Dental caries is a prevalent oral disease resulting from enamel demineralization caused by acidogenic bacterial activity. Toothpaste plays an important role in caries prevention through a combination of ingredients such as calcium carbonate, sorbitol, glycerin, gum arabic, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium fluoride, citric acid, and peppermint oil. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of an experimental toothpaste base formulation.

Material and Methods: This study employed a laboratory-based experimental design with a descriptive observational approach. The physicochemical properties, including pH, viscosity, and homogeneity, were evaluated on a toothpaste base formulation and compared with a commercially available toothpaste.

Results and Discussion: Both the toothpaste base formulation and the commercial toothpaste exhibited pH values within the range of 7.80–7.85, meeting the requirements of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The toothpaste base formulation demonstrated a substantially lower viscosity (56.232 cP)  compared to the commercial toothpaste (182.872 cP). Differences in viscosity may be attributed to variations in formulation composition and thickening agents. Homogeneity testing confirmed that both formulations were physically homogeneous, indicating uniform distribution of ingredients and acceptable physical stability.

Conclusion: The toothpaste base formulation met the evaluated physical parameters and exhibited characteristics comparable to those of a commercial toothpaste. Although its viscosity was lower than that of the commercial product, it remained within the range commonly reported for toothpaste formulations. Further optimization of the formulation, particularly its rheological properties, is warranted to improve product performance and consumer acceptability.

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Published

2026-08-12

How to Cite

1.
Sofiana K, Octarina, Kurniawan FL, Siregar GM, Rajak FA. Physical Properties of Toothpaste Base Formulations. interdental [Internet]. 2026 Aug. 12 [cited 2026 Aug. 13];22(2):322-8. Available from: https://e-journal.unmas.ac.id/index.php/interdental/article/view/13551

Issue

Vol. 22 No. 2 (2026): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)

Section

Articles

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Copyright (c) 2026 Karen Sofiana, Octarina, Florencia Livia Kurniawan, Gladys Mawarni Siregar, Fathilah Abdul Rajak

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