The THE USAGE AND MEANING OF THE ADJECTIVE “KITSUI” IN JAPANESE SYNONYM

Abstrak

This study explores the semantic properties and contextual applications of the Japanese adjective
kitsui within the domain of lexical semantics. As a branch of linguistics, semantics is concerned
with meaning, including the study of synonymy, which involves words that share similar or closely
related meanings. Considering the complexity of Japanese adjectives and the insufficient detail
often found in dictionary definitions, this research seeks to offer a more thorough understanding of
how kitsui operates across different contexts in everyday communication. The data were obtained
from spoken Japanese produced by native speakers through interviews and note-taking methods.
The analysis is based on a contextual approach to meaning, focusing on aspects such as situational,
emotional, temporal, spatial, and object-related contexts. Using this framework, various example
sentences were examined to demonstrate the range of meanings associated with kitsui. The results
indicate that kitsui is a highly versatile adjective whose interpretation is strongly influenced by
context. It may express physical strain (such as a steep slope), tightness (such as restrained arms),
sensory intensity (such as a strong odor), emotional severity (such as harsh remarks), as well as
abstract pressure (including demanding tasks, strict deadlines, or rigorous research plans). In
addition, its adverbial form kitsuku plays a significant role in conveying how an action is carried
out, for instance, speaking harshly or binding something tightly. In summary, the study underscores
the importance of considering both contextual and grammatical elements when interpreting kitsui.
This understanding is crucial for achieving accurate comprehension, effective communication, and
greater proficiency in Japanese, particularly for learners dealing with subtle lexical distinctions.