Assertive Speech Acts in Zootopia (2016): A Pragmatic Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36733/elysian.v5i4.12364Keywords:
illocutionary acts, assertive, Zootopia movie, dialogues, charactersAbstract
Abstract
This study aims to identify and analyze the types of assertive speech acts, one of the five major categories of illocutionary acts proposed by Searle (1985), found in the movie “Zootopia” (2016). By applying Searle’s theory of illocutionary acts, this research examines the various types of assertive speech acts used by the characters and how these acts contribute to the development of the narrative and characters. The data were collected from character dialogues and analyzed through a qualitative method to identify emerging patterns. Assertive (or representative) speech acts were found to be the most frequent. This study focuses on classifying the types of assertive illocutionary acts used in the movie and interpreting their meanings within context. Searle and Vanderveken’s (1985) classification framework was employed to categorize 40 instances of assertive speech acts into five types: assert, claim, affirm, inform, and deny. A qualitative method was used for descriptive analysis, while a quantitative method was also utilized to determine the frequency of each type. Affirm was found to be the most frequent (27.5%), followed by assert (22.5%), claim (20%), inform (17.5%), and deny (12.5%).
Keywords: illocutionary acts, assertive, Zootopia movie, Searle's theory, conversation, communication, character.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis jenis-jenis tindak tutur asertif, salah satu dari lima kategori utama tindak ilokusi yang dikemukakan oleh Searle (1985), yang terdapat dalam film “Zootopia” (2016). Dengan menerapkan teori tindak ilokusi Searle, penelitian ini mengkaji berbagai jenis tindak tutur asertif yang digunakan oleh para tokoh dan bagaimana tindak tutur tersebut berkontribusi terhadap perkembangan narasi dan tokoh. Data dikumpulkan dari dialog para tokoh dan dianalisis melalui metode kualitatif untuk mengidentifikasi pola-pola yang muncul. Tindak tutur asertif (atau representatif) ditemukan sebagai yang paling sering. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengklasifikasian jenis-jenis tindak ilokusi asertif yang digunakan dalam film dan menginterpretasikan maknanya dalam konteks. Kerangka klasifikasi Searle dan Vanderveken (1985) digunakan untuk mengkategorikan 40 contoh tindak tutur asertif menjadi lima jenis: menguatkan, mengklaim, menegaskan, menginformasikan, dan menyangkal. Metode kualitatif digunakan untuk analisis deskriptif, sementara metode kuantitatif juga digunakan untuk menentukan frekuensi setiap jenis. Menegaskan ditemukan sebagai yang paling sering (27,5%), diikuti oleh menguatkan (22,5%), mengklaim (20%), menginformasikan (17,5%), dan menyangkal (12,5%).
Kata kunci: tindak ilokusi, asertif, film Zootopia, teori Searle, percakapan, komunikasi, karakter.
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