Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)

MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERIODONTIA-ORTHODONTIA APPROACH IN A CASE OF MIDLINE DIASTEMA WITH LABIAL FRENECTOMY USING ELECTROSURGERY

Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: Periodontal tissue condition plays an important role as an adjunctive in the success of orthodontic therapy. One of prominent esthetic problem is midline diastema case, which was caused by high and aberrant frenulum attachment. This clinical case aims to report the frenectomy procedures with electrosurgery through multidiscipline perio- orthodontic approach to close the midline diastema.

Case: : A female 19 years old patient was referred from orthodontic clinic with chief complaint there was a gap between her central insisif in upper jaw. The frenulum showed the Blanch test positive and there was no clinical attachment loss.

Case Treatment: Frenectomy with electrosurgery was done to eliminate the aberrant frenulum attachment. This procedure followed with fixed orthodontic therapy to close the midline diastema and prevent any relapse.

Discussions: Frenectomy can be achieved with electrosurgery which has many advantages such as coagulation, a better visualization, blood-less area, bacterimial risk reduction, an uneventful healing process, less post operative discomforts, and minimal scar tissue formation. Fixed orthodontic appliance was bonded to close the gap between central incisors. The intraoral examination showed that there was no any relaps in midline after one year follow up debonding of fixed orthodontic.

Conclusion and Suggestions: a functional and esthetic outcome can be achieved through multidiscipline perio-orthodontic approach. The combination of frenectomy and orthodontic therapy showed an optimal result to close the midline diastema.

Conclusion and Suggestions: a functional and esthetic outcome can be achieved through multidiscipline perio-orthodontic approach. The combination of frenectomy and orthodontic therapy showed an optimal result to close the midline diastema.

RE-TREATMENT OF MISMANAGED BILATERAL CONDYLAR FRACTURE AND POST-SURGICAL COMPLICATION

Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: Improper management of condyle fractures can lead to changes in the structure of the temporomandibular joint, which can impact the patient's oral function. Corrective surgery is necessary to restore the patient's function and quality of life. This case report aims to discuss the procedure of bilateral condylectomy in neglected condylar fracture, as well as the risks and post-operative complication management.

Case: A 26-year-old female patient presented with mandibular hypomobility and occasional temporomandibular pain. The patient had history of a traffic accident around four months ago, and was managed in a public hospital but symptoms persisted.

Case Treatment: After thorough examinations, the patient was diagnosed with neglected complete bilateral condylar fracture with displacement and managed via bilateral condylectomy. Post-operative, the patient presented with anterior open-bite and facial paralysis on the right side, and was treated accordingly. During 4-month follow-up, complications and chief complaints had all subsided.

Discussions: Mismanagement of condylar fracture could result in malunion of fragments, which is difficult to reposition due to the changes that have already occurred in the temporomandibular structure. Condylectomy is often necessary to relieve symptoms, although bilateral condylectomy poses certain neurological risks. Prompt recognition and intervention of nerve injury is important to prevent permanent complication.

Conclusion and Suggestions: Condylectomy could properly treat neglected bilateral condylar fracture in adult patients. Operators must know the associated risk and management of post-operative complications.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF ORAL HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE FOR ELDERLY AT THE TRESNA WERDHA NIRWANA SOCIAL ORGANIZATION PURI SAMARINDA

Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: Elderly is the final stage of the aging process, usually followed by cumulative changes in human that create changes in the oral cavity as well. Oral Health plays a crucial role in general health and quality of life.

Material and Methods: : This research used analytical observational study with cross-sectional design, using purposive sampling as its sampling method. The respondents were 81 elderly people. This research used oral health Levin questionnaire and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). The data from this research were analyzed using Spearman correlation test.

Results and Discussions: The correlation between dental and oral health and quality of life showed significant with the p value <0.001 and correlation coefficient R= 0.657.

Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between dental and oral health and the quality of life of elderly people in Tresna Werdha Nirwana Puri Samarinda Nursing home.

EFFECT OF BROWN ALGAE (Sargassum Sp) GEL ON ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE LEVELS IN PERIODONTITIS RATS INDUCED BY SILK LIGATION MODEL

Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by colonies of dysbiotic bacteria that form biofilms and cause destruction of the periodontal tissues. This damage can be induced by silk ligation on Sprague Dawley teeth and results in an increase in Alkaline Phosphate levels in the gingival sulcus. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of brown algae extract gel (Sargassum sp) on reducing alkaline phosphatase levels in gingival sulcus fluid in Sprague Dawley periodontitis induced by silk ligation

Material and Methods: This research is True Experimental with the Pre test - Post test Control Group Design. The research sample consisted of 36 male Wistar rats which were ligated with silk to periodontitis. Rats were divided into two groups (n=18), the control group was treated with Tie-es metronidazole gel plus and brown algae extract (Sargassum sp) gel treatment with a concentration of 75%. Sampling of gingival sulcus fluid (CSG) on days 0 and 5, ALP levels were measured using a UV/V is spectrophotometer with an absorbance of 450 nm.

Results and Discussions: This study showed a decrease in ALP levels after being treated with metronidazole and 75% brown algae extract gel, the normal amount of ALP levels in the reference was 53-57 U/L and increased when inflammation occurred to 8283 U / L then a significant difference was obtained. The average reduction in ALP levels from pre test to post test for each group was 39-41 /L, and there was a significant relationship between giving brown algae extract and a decrease in ALP levels (p <0.05).

Conclusion: Brown algae gel extract (Sargassum sp) concentration of 75% has a lowering effect on alkaline phosphatase levels of gingival sulcus fluid in periodontitis induced by silk ligation

THE RELATIONSHIP OF KNOWLEDGE AND THE BEHAVIOR OF DENTAL POST GRADUATED STUDENTS REGARDING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AT RSGM SARASWATI DENPASAR

Dwiastutik Listiantari, Ni Luh Gede Aris Maytadewi Negara, Agnes Ayu Biomi — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: Coass Dental is one of the health workers who treat dental patients and is at risk of contracting or transmitting viruses and diseases. Knowledge of the use and disposal of PPE and good behavior is needed to minimize work accidents, Occupational Diseases and nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship betwehe knowledge and behavior of dental students regarding personal protective equipment at the Saraswati Oral and Dental Hospital, Denpasar.

Material and Methods: The method used in this research is observational analytic with cross sectional approach. Total population of 50 teeth koas with sampling technique using probability sampling. The instruments used were PPE knowledge questionnaires and behavioral questionnaires on the use and disposal of PPE.

Results and Discussions: Chi-square analysis (X2) showed no significant relationship between knowledge and behavior on the use and disposal of PPE with a value of 0.067 (p ≥ 0.05).

Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it was stated that there was no statistically significant relationship between knowledge and behavior of dental students regarding personal protective equipment at the Saraswati Oral and Dental Hospital, Denpasar.

COMBINATION OF REGENERATIVE THERAPY AND FREE GINGIVAL GRAFT IN STAGE IV PERIODONTITIS: CASE REPORT

Resky Ramadhani, Ayu Rahayu Feblina, Dian Setiawati — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: Periodontal regenerative therapy can be used to repair damaged periodontal tissues caused by periodontitis. The combination of regenerative periodontal surgery and FGG (Free Gingival Graft) is expected to accelerate the regeneration of periodontal tissue.

Case : A 37-year-old woman came with complaints of loose lower front teeth, frequent bleeding and pain when eating and drinking. The complaint was felt since 1 year ago. Clinical examination obtained an average pocket depth of 6 mm and an average second degree of tooth mobility. On radiographic examination found bone damage horizontally.

Case Management: The patient received root planing scaling and occlusion adjustment, followed by dental periodontal surgery 42,41,31,32. Stage II surgery for recession closure therapy with FGG was carried out three months after stage 1 surgery was performed.

Discussion: Regenerative periodontal surgery is performed to produce new periodontal tissue growth and restore connective tissue attachment to the teeth. Free Gingival Graft is performed to increase gingival keratinization and improve patient esthetics.

Conclusion and Suggestions: The combination of regenerative periodontal surgery and FGG for the treatment of periodontitis cases involving severe bone destruction gives good results of periodontal tissue healing by alveolar bone healing and regeneration and quite good aesthetics.

EFFECT OF KECEMCEM (Spondias pinnata) EXTRACT ON ANGIOGENESIS OF GINGIVA AFTER CURETASE OF WISTAR RATS

Eka Pramudita Ramadhany, Media Sukmalia Adibah, I Ketut Suandika Dharma Yanta — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Background: Curettage procedure cause wounds that require adjuvant therapy. One of adjuvant therapies used is hyaluronic acid. However, recently, several studies have focused on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of various natural products such as the bark of kecemcem tree (Spondias pinnata) which has protective effect against oxidative and inflammatory changes occurs during development of mucositis. Based on this, researchers were interested examining effect of giving kecemcem bark extract on formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) in gingiva after curettage.

Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups, negative control, positive control, and treatment group. Previously, rats had induced periodontal pockets by tying silk threads on mandibular incisors and after that they were curettage using a gracey curette. Negative control group was given CMC-Na, positive control group was given hyaluronic acid and treatment group was given 70% kecemcem bark extract gel. Rats were sacrificed on day 3, 5 and 7 and then histological preparations were made.

Results and discussion: Average number of new blood vessels in the treatment group was higher than control group and positive control with two-way ANOVA test showed that average number of new blood vessels in each group had significant difference (p<0.05). This supports hypothesis that compounds found in the bark of the kecemcem tree such as beta-sitosterol, phenols, and flavonoids have effect on increasing angiogenesis in gingival wounds after curettage of Wistar rats.

Conclusion: 70% kecemcem bark extract gel has effect on increasing angiogenesis in gingival wounds after curettage of Wistar rats.

EFFECT OF 4 wt% HYDROXYAPATITE PASTA ON DENTAL EMAIL HARDNESS

James Hartono Santoso, Anastasia Elsa Prahasti, Elline — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: Dental erosion can affect the dental demineralization due to the pH level that is below the critical pH of 5,5 resulting a decrease in dental enamel hardness. Remineralization is needed to bring back the mineral loss. Hydroxyapatite is similar to inorganic components in dental enamel dan have biocompatible properties. Hydroxyapatite with 4 wt% concentration has a Ca/P molar ratio close to 1,67, which is similar to the human enamel and can regenerate enamel. This study is aimed to analyze the effects of 4 wt% hydroxyapatite paste on dental enamel hardness for 7 and 14 days.

Material and Methods: 20 maxillary premolars were divided into 4 groups. Group A1 were applied with 4 wt% hydroxyapatite paste for 30 minutes each day for 7 days, group A2 were applied with 4 wt% hydroxyapatite paste for 30 minutes each day for 14 days, group B1 were immersed with artificial saliva for 7 days, and group B2 were immersed with artificial saliva for 14 days. All groups were immersed with artificial saliva and was incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. Hardness measurements were carried out at the start, after erosion, and at the end of the experiment. Dental enamel hardness was measured with Vickers Hardness Tester (Shimadzu HMV G-21 Series). Dental enamel hardness data were analysed with GLM Repeated Measure ANOVA test (p<0,05) and One-way ANOVA test (p<0,05).

Results and Discussions: The result showed dental enamel hardness number after 4 wt% hydroxyapatite paste application showed significant difference than untreated group, which was immersed in artificial saliva. Dental enamel hardness number after 4 wt% hydroxyapatite paste application for 14 days showed significant difference than 7 days.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that 4 wt% hydroxyapatite paste application for 14 days resulted in an increase of dental enamel hardness as in normal condition of dental enamel before erosion

TEST OF RESISTANCE OF ALPUKAT (Persea americana mill) FRUIT EXTRACT ON THE GROWTH OF THE Streptococcus mutans

Putu Rusmiany, Ni Nyoman Nurdeviyanti, Ilma Yudistian, Agnesia Lorenza — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: Streptococcus mutans is one of the normal flora living in the oral cavity, but in excessive amounts is the main causative agent of dental caries. The active compounds of alkaloids, saponins and quinones in avocado pulp extract is an antibacterial alternative that can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans in the oral cavity. The aim of this research was to determine the inhibitory power that contain in avocado pulp against Streptococcus mutans .

Materials and Methods: This study used 4 concentrations namely 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with each repetition 4 times. Avocado pulp extraction was carried out by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. Inhibition zone testing was carried out using the Kirby baurer method.

Results and Discussions: The zone of inhibition was determined using the Kruskal wallis test, which showed that there were significant differences in various concentrations against the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Avocado fruit pulp extract is able to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria because avocado fruit pulp extract has active compounds that cause antibacterial activity. Active compounds of avocado fruit flesh that are efficacious as antibacterials are alkaloids, saponins and quinones.

Conclusion: Avocado pulp extract has been proven to have an antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans with an effective concentration level of 100%. Increasing the concentration of avocado pulp extract was also shown to affect the diameter of Streptococcus mutans inhibition zone

DIFFERENCES IN FLOW RATE AND SALIVA PH IN USERS AND NON-USERS OF FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES

Viona Sekar Melati, Ernawati, Ageng Wicaksono — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: Fixed orthodontic treatment is a type of dental treatment that is very popular throughout the world, not only to improve function but also lifestyle. However, it has an impact on the condition of the oral cavity, namely the flow rate and pH of salivary, which can affect dental and oral health. This study aims to determine the differences in flow rate and saliva pH between users and non-users of fixed orthodontic devices.

Materials and Methods: This type of research is analytical observational, with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were students class 2020, 2021, and 2022, the sample in this study was 116 students. Data collection by observation, interviews and examination. The method for measuring saliva flow rate with drainase and saliva pH using the Hanna HI98107 pH meter. Univariate and bivariate data analysis (independent sample t test).

Results and Discussions: The results of the study showed that the there was a difference in saliva flow rate in users and non-users of fixed orthodontic appliances (p-value 0.001), there is a difference in saliva pH between users and non-users (p-value 0.000).

Conclusion: The use of fixed orthodontic can affect saliva flow rate and salivary pH.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLATELET RICH FIBRIN, CONNECTIVE TISSUE GRAFT AND THEIR COMBINATION IN THE CLOSURE OF GINGIVAL RECESSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Dian Anggraini, Irma Ervina, Aini Hariyani Nasution — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: Connective Tissue Graft (CTG) is one of the techniques in gingival recession treatment, but considering the morbidity of using CTG, biomaterials such as Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) can be an alternative in gingival recession closure treatment. This systematic review aims to compare and evaluate the use of PRF, CTG and their combination in gingival recession closure.

Review: An electronic literature search in Medline (PubMed), Google Scholar, and Elsevier (Sciencedirect) was conducted to identify Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) reporting on the treatment of gingival recession using PRF, CTG or a combination of both from 2018 to 2023 in English. This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review (PRISMA) guidelines. The parameters assessed in the RCTs were: recession depth (RD), clinical attachment level (CAL), keratinized gingival width and height (KTW, KTH), probing depth (PD), gingival thickness (GT) and patient discomfort after surgery assessed by VAS (Visual Analog Scale). Based on the 1,152 articles retrieved, there were only five RCTs eligible for systematic review. Four articles compared the use of PRF with CTG, and one article compared the use of CTG with the combination of CTG + PRF in gingival recession closure.

Conclusion: The use of PRF, CTG, and a combination of both were effective in closing gingival recession. The use of CTG gave better results in increasing gingival thickness and keratinized gingival width compared to the use of PRF, but the combination of CTG and PRF gave significant results in keratinized gingival height and decreasing recession depth compared to the use of CTG alone. Thus, the combination of CTG and PRF may be a more promising gingival recession closure treatment option.

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE COMPLETENESS OF GENERAL POLY OUTPATIENT MEDICAL RECORD DOCUMENTS AT COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER I EAST DENPASAR

Anak Agung Putri Adnyaswari, Putu Ika Farmani, Made Karma Maha Wirajaya — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction:A medical record is a document containing data on the identity of the patient, examination, treatment, action, and other services that have been provided to the patient. The availability of medical records is also very influential in the process of services performed by the medical officer and can affect the quality and quality of the service of a means of health care. The purpose of the research is to find out the completeness of the completion of medical records on the general poli in Primary Health Care of East Denpasar I.

Materials and Methods: The design of research that uses quantitative descriptive in the UPTD Puskesmas I Department of Health Department of Eastern Denpasar district. A sample of as many as 100 medical records of street treatment on the general police. Indicators in quantitative analysis methods on medical record completion consist of identification review, report review, record review, and authentication review. Sampling technique using the method of systematic random sample (SRS). Data collection using checklist instruments.

Results and Discussions: A total of 100 samples of medical record documents in this study were filled in by 3 counter officers, 3 doctors and 3 nurses. The characteristics of the officers were 66.6% male, 100% had a bachelor's degree, 66.6% had worked <5 years, and 86.6% had attended training in filling out medical records. The results of the quantitative analysis show that the identity review is 100% complete, the reporting review is 0% complete, and the recording review is 76% complete, the authentication review is 100% complete. Incompleteness in the initial (subjective) assessment is low due to the biological, psychosocial, cultural and spiritual history not being filled in. Incompleteness in the initial (objective) assessment was low due to the items inspection, palpation, auscultation, abdominal circumference and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).

Conclussion: The lowest completeness was obtained in the review of both subjective and objective initial assessment reporting.

POTENTIAL OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL PASTE AS EXTRINSIC DENTAL STAIN REMOVAL

Khusnul Munika Listari, Siham — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: Dental stain is a common condition in society, apart from being an aesthetic problem it can be a predisposing factor for periodontal disease.One type of dental stain is extrinsic dental stain. Virgin Coconut Oil contains lauric acid which has the potential to remove extrinsic dental stains through the foaming mechanism. This research is to determine the effectiveness of Virgin Coconut Oil paste on removing extrinsic dental stain through an in vitro study.

Material and Methods: Twenty-five post extraction premolars with extrinsic dental stain on buccal area were divided into 5 groups that is : K1/Control(given artificial saliva), K2(given placebo paste), K3(given 50% Virgin Coconut Oil paste), K4(given 75% Coconut Oil Paste) and K5(given 100% Virgin Coconut Oil Paste). Difference colour intensity (ΔE) before and after treatment were observed using Adobe Photoshop CC 2018 in the CieLAB system.

Results and Discussion: Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Multiple Comparison test. One Way ANOVA test showed that there were significant differences within groups (p<0.05). Post-Hoc Multiple Comparison test showed that there were significant differences between each groups, except for K2 and K3 groups also K4 and K5 groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion: Virgin Coconut Oil Paste is effective on removing extrinsic dental stain in vitro

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF METRONIDAZOLE GELS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE

Citra Jasmin Cangara, Hasanuddin Thahir — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction : Metronidazole is one of the antimicrobial and antimicrobial that has been widely used as antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent for treatment. Metronidazole is antimicrobial have been used as an adjuvant to mechanical plaque removal. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that develops from dental plaque that affects periodontal supporting tissues. Many chemical agents that have been evaluated to determine their effect on plaque, gingivitis and periodontitis, one of which is metronidazole, has been successfully introduced and studied extensively. This literature review explains effectiveness of metronidazole gels in the management of periodontal disease.

Review : Metronidazole (MTZ) is frequently used in the treatment for periodontal diseases since it can be against several Gram-negative anaerobic rods, the pathogenesis of periodontitis. It can be administered via oral and topical routes. However, the systemic adverse effects may in the oral cavity if used peroral. Hence, topical administration is preferable. The bacterial reservoirs not eliminated by conventional periodontal therapy can be further suppressed with the use of chemotherapeutic agents. Localized antimicrobial therapy, in particular, has evoked growing interest because of the site‑specific nature of periodontal infections, the higher concentration of anti‑microbial agent subgingivally and reduced side‑effects of systemic antibiotic use. Among the various locally delivered chemotherapeutic agents metronidazole, a has bactericidal action against anaerobes, such as Prevotela intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium species and spirochetes like Treponema denticola, Treponema vincentii, which are generally believed to be the main pathogens associated with periodontitis.

Conclusion : Treatment of periodontal pockets with metronidazole gel in addition to scaling and root planning, provides a significant increase in reducing pocket depth and microbial count and effective in the treatment of periodontal disease.

THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF PROPOLIS ON OSTEOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Jessy Wijaya, Rezmelia Sari, Suryono — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: Optimal bone regeneration is contingent upon the activities of osteoblasts, which are modulated by signalling molecules. Propolis, an abundantly beneficial natural substance, has the potential to induce the release of signalling molecules.

Review: Four essential elements required for tissue regeneration via tissue engineering: scaffolds, signalling molecules, stem cells, and vascularization. Subsequently, osteoblast differentiation and activity are enhanced by signalling molecules induced by propolis. Propolis contains active ingredients that influence every stage of osteoblast differentiation. Propolis-induced increases in the release of signalling molecules (BMP, FGF, TGF) and the transcription factor RUNX2 stimulate the expression of diverse osteoblastogenic markers at each stage of differentiation: type I alpha 1 collagen during proliferation, alkaline phosphatase during maturation, and osteocalcin during mineralization.

Conclusion: Propolis has the capacity to promote bone regeneration through its involvement in all phases of osteoblast differentiation (inducing the release of signalling molecules, increasing the transcription factor, and increasing the expression of osteoblastogenic markers). Additional research is required to determine how propolis influences the equilibrium between osteoblast and osteoclast activities in order to maintain optimal bone homeostasis and remodelling. The prolonged duration of bone regeneration necessitates the use of a carrier for propolis to remain on bone defects for an extended period of time.

INCIDENCE OF ORAL CANDIDIASIS IN FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES

Wahyuni Dyah Parmasari, Masfufatun, Tri Juliati — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introductions: Oral candidiasis is most often caused by Candida albicans, followed by C. glabrata. In European countries, an analysis showed that more than half of candidiasis cases were caused by C. albicans and the infection rate caused by other candida strains was 14% for C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis, 7% for C. tropicalis and 2% for C. krusei. According to a study in Brazil, C. albicans accounted for 40.9% of cases followed by C. tropicalis (20.9%), C. parapsilosis (20.5%) and C. glabrata (4.9%). Meanwhile, in Indonesia, there is no national data regarding the epidemiology of oral candidiasis in Indonesia. Hospital Dr. Hasan Sadikin (RSHS) Bandung conducted research from 2010-2014 and found that during that period 49 patients had oral candidiasis. In general, side effects can be felt by patients who are in fixed orthodontic treatment which affects comfort and quality of life, namely 42.79% experience a sensation of pain in the area of the oral cavity, while 51.80% complain of discomfort when chewing food and this can indicate that Orthodontic appliances are mainly the patient's daily activities, the second is related to chewing food, phonetics and smile lines. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of candidiasis on orthodontic appliances. This study was to determine the incidence of candidiasis on fix orthodontic appliances.

Material and Methods: In this study, 80 samples were obtained from the total population, namely medical students who use fixed orthodontics with metal materials. Methods with SWAB examination on the surface of the bracket and the oral mucosa that intersect with the ortho-adhesive device. The results were recorded and then data analysis was carried out. Then the specimens were put in a microbiology incubator for 48 hours at room temperature. If candida albicans grows on the petridish then it is assessed that candidiasis is present.

Results: From the study, it was found that 80% incidence of candidiasis, 20% is normal.

Conclussions: There is a high incidence of oral candidiasis in patients using fix orthodontics appliances.

LASER-ASSISTED CROWN LENGTHENING: CLINICAL EFFICACY AND ADVANTAGES OVER CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES (SYSTEMATIC REVIEW)

Rachmasari Rieska, Tadjoedin Fatimah Maria — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: Crown lengthening is a widely recognized dental procedure with both aesthetic and functional purposes. It involves the reduction of periodontal hard and soft tissues to obtain supracrestal tooth length, resulting in longer clinical crowns and adequate supracrestal tissue attachment. Laser therapy has emerged as a promising alternative that is currently developing in the field of periodontics and offers several advantages. This review aims to synthesize the current research on the clinical efficacy of laser-assisted crown lengthening procedures and highlight their advantages over conventional methods.

Review: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar for human studies published from 2017 to April 2023. Out of 213 identified and screened studies, three original articles were included in the analysis. Two clinical trial studies used Er,Cr:YSGG while one study used Er:YAG for crown lengthening procedures involving gingiva and alveolar bone reduction, with a 3-month follow-up period. Compared to conventional crown lengthening, the laser-assisted approach showed comparable increases in clinical crown length. However, the laser-assisted group demonstrated better gingival margin stability, improved soft tissue healing, and minimal damage to adjacent tissues. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant lower bacterial load and less post-surgery pain with laser-assisted crown lengthening compared to the conventional method.

Conclusion: In cases where both gingival and bone reduction are required, laser-assisted crown lengthening using Er,Cr:YSGG and Er:YAG can be considered a minimally invasive alternative with several advantages over conventional procedures.

REGENERATIVE PERIODONTAL TREATMENT AS MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS: A CASE REPORT

Ainun Isnaeni Ilham, Daniel Tetan El, Sri Oktawati — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: Chronic periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease induced by microbes beginning with inflammation of the gingiva and progressing to progressive damage to the tooth supporting structures. Various approaches have been made to treat chronic periodontitis, one of which is regenerative periodontal treatment using bone grafts and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF).

History and Clinical Findings: A 32-year-old man came to the Periodontology Department of the Dental and Oral Education Hospital with chief complaints mobility of upper and lower teeth. Clinical examination showed that patient did not have a history of systemic diseases and the patient did not smoke. Intraoral examination showed that the maxillary front teeth grade 1 mobility and the average pocket depth in the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth was 5 mm.

Case Management: Case management includes initial therapy followed by surgical treatment which includes open flap, placement of bone graft and PRF, followed by frenectomy, then suturing and application of a periodontal pack. At 1 month after treatment, the surgical flap phase was continued for the mandibular anterior teeth using a combination of bone graft and membrane placement.

Discussion: Bone graft and PRF are used to regenerate furcation defects and their ability to regenerate hard and soft tissue is due to the release of various growth factors. Conclusion: Regenerative surgical treatment in chronic periodontitis patients provides effective results in alveolar bone regeneration and decrease pocket depth.

CHITOSAN COLLAGEN HYDROGEL: A POTENTIAL SCAFFOLD BIOMATERIAL FOR PERIODONTAL REGENERATIVE TREATMENT

Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: Hydrogels are considered a promising scaffold biomaterial for regenerative periodontal treatment. The development of collagen and chitosan based hydrogels can improve the final characteristics of the hydrogel.

Review: Collagen and chitosan are the two main materials used to design scaffolds for tissue engineering. Collagen is a material that is often used to develop hydrogels because it has the advantage of high biocompatibility. In the biomedical field, collagen is often used as a drug delivery system. Collagen has weak mechanical strength so other biomaterials are needed for its use. Chitosan material has high biocompatibility and a slow degradation rate. So the combination of these two materials is a strategic choice for making promising biomaterial scaffolds in periodontal regenerative treatment.

Conclusion: Chitosan collagen hydrogel is a potential scaffold biomaterial for periodontal regenerative treatment.

EFFECTIVENESS OF SOCKET PRESERVATION IN MAINTAINING ALVEOLAR BONE VOLUME: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Fahrur Rozi Lubis, Irma Ervina, Martina Amalia — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: Alveolar bone undergoes dimensional changes due to resorption after tooth extraction, which can make it difficult to place a denture or implant. Preservation socket procedures are performed at the time of tooth extraction with the aim of minimizing alveolar bone resorption. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze the effectiveness of socket preservation in preserving alveolar bone.

Review: This systematic review was conducted through an electronic literature search in PubMed, Wiley, and Sciencedirect, which was used to obtain a number of Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) articles on the effectiveness of socket preservation with graft material versus no socket preservation. This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. Based on the 417 articles screened, there were 24 duplicates, and after the articles were included by the criteria of: RCT, human study, publication in English, within the last five years and focusing on the methods and outcomes of socket preservation, 5 articles were found to be relevant.

Conclusion: Of the five studies reviewed, one study using allograft material and four studies using xenograft material, the results were that socket preservation can reduce alveolar bone resorption and can maintain the horizontal and vertical dimensions of alveolar bone compared to no socket preservation

CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK (CNN) BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PERIODONTAL DISEASES DIAGNOSIS

Nurul Huda Danial, Dian Setiawati — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: The main problem by many clinicians is the correct diagnosis of periodontal disease. Usually, conventional clinical measurements such as measuring probing depth, attachment loss, presence of plaque and calculus are the way to diagnose and classify periodontal disease. However, clinical examination has limited reliability for periodontitis screening. Likewise, the ability of dentists to read radiographs using conventional methods increases the risk of misdiagnosis. Due to the diversity of existing clinical criteria and the increase in knowledge about human health, changes in the diagnostic criteria for periodontal disease that have occurred in recent decades have led to several updates. Recent research has focused on developing artificial intelligence tools to assist in diagnostic and therapeutic roles. This literature review aims to determine the use of artificial intelligence-based convolutional neural network (CNN) in diagnosing periodontal disease.

Review: Artificial intelligence (AI) can make more accurate and efficient diagnoses, thereby reducing the workload of dentists. The use of the convolutional neural network (CNN) system in diagnosis and treatment planning allows dentists to reduce diagnostic errors that arise. Several studies have found that the CNN algorithm can assist in detecting alveolar bone loss, gingival abnormalities, and assisting early intervention in implantology. The CNN system can also capture details that dentists miss in diagnosis, especially radiographic diagnosis.

Conclusion: Implementing an AI system is effective in helping to analyze periodontal disease. The CNN algorithm outperforms other AI techniques that can be used to facilitate diagnosis and treatment planning by dentists in the future.

FUNCTIONAL CROWN LENGTHENING AS A PRE-RESTORATIVE PROCEDURE IN THE AESTHETIC ZONE

Nursolihati Vidya, Osa Amila Hafiyyah — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure to increase the height of the clinical crown for aesthetic and restorative purposes, or combination. The indications include treatment of subgingival caries and altered passive eruption. Functional crown lengthening for restorative purposes in the esthetic zone should consider the concept of biologic width and the ideal proportion of the dentogingival complex.

Case: A 39-year-old male patient was referred from the Department of Conservative Dentistry, RSGM UGM Prof. Soedomo to expose the maxillary anterior teeth crowns for full crown and veneer restorations. Clinical examination showed 11, 12, and 12 post root canal treatment with 3-4 mm remaining crowns. Teeth 13, 21, 22, and 23 appear short, excessive gingival display of 3 mm, with a diagnosis of altered passive eruption type 1B.

Treatment: Functional crown lengthening was performed by gingivectomy followed by flap elevation, ostectomy, and osteoplasty. A fenestration was found at the apical of 22 and treated with regenerative procedure. Full crowns and veneers insertion was done 3 months after surgery. Crown lengthening as a pre-restorative procedure is a multidisciplinary treatment that considers the need for restoration by re-establishing the biologic width, to prevent inflammation and bone loss. In addition, adequate post- surgical tissue healing time prior to restoration is necessary to avoid gingival margin rebound and to assure long-term success of the restoration.

Conclusionn : Functional crown lengthening as a pre-restorative procedure in the esthetic zone can gives satisfactory and stable results, with careful examination and correct surgical procedure.

MANAGEMENT OF BACTERIAL PLAQUE-INDUCED GINGIVAL ENLARGEMENT: CASE REPORT

Martina Amalia, Cut Ati Ningsih, Widianto Meydhiono — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: Gingival enlargement is a condition that we often encounter in the oral cavity. This condition can be caused by plaque accumulation, systemic disorders, and side effects of some drugs as well as genetic factors. Gingival enlargement due to the accumulation of bacterial plaque generally shows signs and symptoms of inflammation which can be a major risk factor for periodontitis. This case report aims to describe two cases of plaque-induced gingival enlargement, one of which was accompanied by the presence of granulomatous epulis.

Case: The first case was a 23-year-old woman complaining that her gums often bleed when brushing her teeth since 1 year ago. Intra oral examination can see swelling of the gingiva in the anterior area of RA and RB. The second case is a 40-year-old woman with complaints of swelling of the lower right back gum since 2 years ago. An enlargement of the gingiva in the anterior area is seen accompanied by granulomatous epulis with fibrous consistency in the posterior area of RB.

Treatment: In the first case, non-surgical treatment was carried out and continued with regular visits every 3 months. In the second case, non-surgical and surgical procedures were performed. Treatment begins with tooth root extraction and scaling and root planning. Furthermore, gingivectomy surgery was performed to excise the enlarged gingiva.

Discussions: The treatment results look good, where it can be seen that the etiological factor can be ruled out. After the surgical treatment, the healing went well, marked by no inflammation around it.

Conclusion: Gingival enlargement can affect aesthetics and interfere with the patient's masticatory function. Identification of the etiological factors is necessary for an appropriate treatment plan.

EFFECT OF SOLVENT TYPE ON THE AMOUNT OF YIELD FROM MACERATION OF MORINGA PLANTS (Moringa oleifera)

Wulan Anggestia, Sri Pandu Utami, Darmawangsa, Widya P Sari, Difa Dirgantara — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: The use of herbal plants in the field of dentistry has begun to be widely studied, but it is still not widely developed. One of the uses of herbal plants is to make them as raw materials for Moringauthwash. The Moringa plant (Moringa oleifera/Moringa) is an herbal ingredient that qualifies as an alternative antibacterial agent. The type of solvent, extraction temperature, and extraction duration are some variables that can affect the extraction yield, but the dominant type of solvent for the extraction of herbal plants, especially Moringa, is still not specific.This study aimed to determine the effect of solvent types on the amount of yield of the maceration of Moringa plants.

Method: This was a true experimental study using a factorial complete randomized design with maceration (method of extraction) on Moringa oleifera with variations in solvent types.

Results: The Kruskall-Wallis test showed that based on the solvent type treatment group, a significant value of 0.003 (<0.05) was obtained, meaning that there was an influence of the type of solvent on the amount of yield from Moringa oleifera maceration.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the type of solvent has a significant effect on the amount of yield resulting from Moringa maceration.

FIXED DOSE COMBINATION OF MECOBALAMIN AND PREGABALIN IN THE TREATMENT OF OROFACIAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN

Manuel Dwiyanto Hardjo Lugito — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Introduction: orofacial neuropathic pain is extraordinary disease in character with its complicated management. Mecobalamin has been used to provide regeneration of traumatized nerves. Pregabalin with its analgesic activities relieves the clinical signs of neuropathic pain. The aim of this case report is to explain fixed dose combination of Mecobalamin and Pregabalin as the treatment of neuropathic pain caused by inferior alveolar nerve and facial nerve neuropathy.

Case: First case was an inferior alveolar nerve neuropathy experienced by 63 years old female with complaints of persistent pain and numbness around the left chin and left lower lip the day following the procedure of surgery for the treatment of dentoalveolar abscess on left second premolar of mandibula. Second case was facial nerve neuropathy experienced by 54 years old female had persistent pain and numbness of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue after total thyroidectomy and 1,100 MBq (30 mCi) activity of Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, followed with two 131I whole body scans.

Case Management: Mecobalamin 500 µg and Pregabalin 75 mg twice daily for 5 weeks were given with tolerable side effects and improvement symptoms.

Discussion: Pregabalin combined with Mecobalamin can reduce orofacial neuropathic pain. Pregabalin possess analgesic property and reduce neuropathy-related pain symptoms while Mecobalamin facilitates myelinogenesis and nerve regeneration.

Conclusion: Fixed Dose Combination of Mecobalamin and Pregabalin has the potential analgesic effect, reduced neuropathic orofacial pain at a below than determined dosage in case of inferior alveolar and facial nerve neuropathic pain.

CONTENT OF VOLUME 20 ISSUE 1 APRIL 2024

Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERIODONTIA-ORTHODONTIA APPROACH IN A CASE OF MIDLINE DIASTEMA WITH LABIAL FRENECTOMY USING ELECTROSURGERY
Media Sukmalia Adibah, Eka Pramudita Ramadhany, Valeo Adika Laksana, Ni Luh Desy Ayu Susilahati
1 - 6

RE-TREATMENT OF MISMANAGED BILATERAL CONDYLAR FRACTURE AND POST-SURGICAL COMPLICATION
Oyagi Shuka, Nyoman Ayu Anggayanti, Anak Agung Manik Swayoga, Agus Dwi Sastrawan, Eka Marwansyah Oli’i
7 - 14

THE RELATIONSHIP OF ORAL HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE FOR ELDERLY AT THE TRESNA WERDHA NIRWANA SOCIAL ORGANIZATION PURI SAMARINDA
Alifia Auralia, Nuryanni Dihin Utami, Endang Sawitri, Elliana Martalina, Ronny Isnuwardana, Cicih Bhakti Purnamasari
15 - 21

EFFECT OF BROWN ALGAE (Sargassum Sp) GEL ON ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE LEVELS IN PERIODONTITIS RATS INDUCED BY SILK LIGATION MODEL
Muhamat Muhtar S Abdurrohman, Faruq Abdurrohman Muhammad, Tahta Danifatis Sunnah, Ade Ismail A. K, Christina Mahardika
22 - 28

THE RELATIONSHIP OF KNOWLEDGE AND THE BEHAVIOR OF DENTAL POST GRADUATED STUDENTS REGARDING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AT RSGM SARASWATI DENPASAR
Dwiastutik Listiantari, Ni Luh Gede Aris Maytadewi Negara, Agnes Ayu Biomi
29 - 33

COMBINATION OF REGENERATIVE THERAPY AND FREE GINGIVAL GRAFT IN STAGE IV PERIODONTITIS: CASE REPORT
Resky Ramadhani, Ayu Rahayu Feblina, Dian Setiawati
34 - 39

EFFECT OF KECEMCEM (Spondias pinnata) EXTRACT ON ANGIOGENESIS OF GINGIVA AFTER CURETASE OF WISTAR RATS
Eka Pramudita Ramadhany, Media Sukmalia Adibah, I Ketut Suandika Dharma Yanta
40 - 45

EFFECT OF 4 wt% HYDROXYAPATITE PASTA ON DENTAL EMAIL HARDNESS
James Hartono Santoso, Anastasia Elsa Prahasti, Elline
46 - 52

TEST OF RESISTANCE OF ALPUKAT (Persea americana mill) FRUIT EXTRACT ON THE GROWTH OF THE Streptococcus mutans
Putu Rusmiany, Nyoman Nurdeviyanti, Ilma Yudistian, Agnesia Lorenza
53 - 59

DIFFERENCES IN FLOW RATE AND SALIVA PH IN USERS AND NON-USERS OF FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES
Viona Sekar Melati, Ernawati, Ageng Wicaksono
60 - 66

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLATELET RICH FIBRIN, CONNECTIVE TISSUE GRAFT AND THEIR COMBINATION IN THE CLOSURE OF GINGIVAL RECESSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Dian Anggraini, Irma Ervina, Aini Hariyani Nasution
67 - 75

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE COMPLETENESS OF GENERAL POLY OUTPATIENT MEDICAL RECORD DOCUMENTS AT COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER I EAST DENPASAR
Anak Agung Putri Adnyaswari, Putu Ika Farmani, Made Karma Maha Wirajaya
76 - 82

POTENTIAL OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL PASTE AS EXTRINSIC DENTAL STAIN REMOVAL
Khusnul Munika Listari, Siham
83 - 89

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF METRONIDAZOLE GELS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE
Citra Jasmin Cangara, Hasanuddin Thahir
90 - 95

THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF PROPOLIS ON OSTEOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Jessy Wijaya, Rezmelia Sari, Suryono
96 - 102

INCIDENCE OF ORAL CANDIDIASIS IN FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES
Wahyuni Dyah Parmasari, Masfufatun, Tri Juliati
103 - 107

LASER-ASSISTED CROWN LENGTHENING: CLINICAL EFFICACY AND ADVANTAGES OVER CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES (SYSTEMATIC REVIEW)
Rieska Rachmasari, Fatimah Maria Tadjoedin
108 - 117

REGENERATIVE PERIODONTAL TREATMENT AS MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS: A CASE REPORT
Ainun Isnaeni Ilham, Daniel Tetan El, Sri Oktawati
118 - 123

CHITOSAN COLLAGEN HYDROGEL: A POTENTIAL SCAFFOLD BIOMATERIAL FOR PERIODONTAL REGENERATIVE TREATMENT
Dharmmesti Anindita Wijayanti, Dahlia Herawati, Vincensia Maria Karina, Kwartarini Murdiastuti
124 - 132

EFFECTIVENESS OF SOCKET PRESERVATION IN MAINTAINING ALVEOLAR BONE VOLUME: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Fahrur Rozi Lubis, Irma Ervina, Martina Amalia
133 - 138

CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK (CNN) BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PERIODONTAL DISEASES DIAGNOSIS
Nurul Huda Danial, Dian Setiawati
139 - 148

FUNCTIONAL CROWN LENGTHENING AS A PRE-RESTORATIVE PROCEDURE IN THE AESTHETIC ZONE
Vidya Nursolihati, Osa Amila Hafiyyah
149 - 155

MANAGEMENT OF BACTERIAL PLAQUE-INDUCED GINGIVAL ENLARGEMENT: CASE REPORT
Martina Amalia, Cut Ati Ningsih, Widianto Meydhiono
156 - 163

EFFECT OF SOLVENT TYPE ON THE AMOUNT OF YIELD FROM MACERATION OF MORINGA PLANTS (Moringa oleifera)
Wulan Anggestia, Sri Pandu Utami, Darmawangsa,Widya P. Sari, Difa Dirgantara
164 - 169

FIXED DOSE COMBINATION OF MECOBALAMIN AND PREGABALIN IN THE TREATMENT OF OROFACIAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN
Manuel Dwiyanto Hardjo Lugito
170 - 175