Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)

Content of Volume 20 Issue 2 August 2024

2024-08-01

Health Status and Periodontal Care Needs of Pregnant Women in the Puger Coastal Area of Jember

Intan Nurun Azhria — 2024-08-01

Introduction: Pregnancy is a risk factor for periodontal disease due to an increase in hormones which causes a change in response of periodontal tissue to the accumulation of plaque and calculus that can increase the occurrence of inflammation of the gingiva and periodontal disease. Pregnant women in coastal areas have a high risk of periodontal disease because the majority consume seafood that contains high calcium and phosphorus, which allows for increased calculus formation. Periodontal disease during pregnancy has an adverse impact on the health of the fetus. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the health of the periodontal tissues of pregnant women. This study aims to examine the description of health and periodontal treatment needs in pregnant women in the coastal area of Puger, Jember.

Material and Methods: This type of research is descriptive observational with a cross sectional study on 70 subjects selected by purposive sampling technique. Data were obtained based on the results of the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) examinations and questionnaire interviews regarding oral health.

Results and Discussions: Health status of periodontal tissues of pregnant women in the coastal area of Puger Beach mostly (75,71%) had supra or subgingival calculus (CPITN score 2), there were periodontal pockets and there were no pregnant women with healthy periodontal tissue conditions. Types of periodontal treatment needs that are needed by all pregnant women are scaling and root planing and improving oral hygiene (Treatment Needs/TN 2).

Conclusion: Pregnant women in the coastal area of Puger Beach all experience periodontal disease so they need periodontal treatment.

Bioactivity of Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum L.) Flower Infusa Against Candida albicans In Vitro

Tri Purnami Dewi — 2024-08-01

Introduction: The surface of acrylic resin denture, which attaches to the oral mucosa, has microporosity, a place for bacterial plaque and Candida albicans to accumulate if not cleaned properly. An increase in Candida albicans colonies on the surface of dentures can cause denture stomatitis. Dentures can be cleaned mechanically with a soft-bristled brush, or chemically using cleaning agents. Denture cleaning materials on the market are sold in limited quantities at expensive prices. Natural ingredients can be alternative denture cleaning agents. This study aims to determine the difference in the bioactivity of basil and green betel leaf infusion on the growth of Candida albicans in vitro.

Materials and Methods: This research is a laboratory experimental study using a post test only control group design method, divided into 4 groups, group 1 as a negative control using aquadest, group 2 as a positive control using polident denture cleanser, group 3 using 50% green betel leaf infusa, and group 4 using 50% basil leaf infusa. Each group consisted of 6 acrylic resin plates as a medium for Candida albicans attachment. Differences in the mean number of colonies in the groups were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test.

Results and Discussions: Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the mean number of colonies between all groups regarding the growth of Candida albicans colonies with a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The results showed that basil leaf infusion had lower bioactivity potential than green betel leaf infusion against Candida albicans in vitro.

Subacute Toxicity Test of Cocoa Bean Extract (Theobroma cacao L.) on Mice (Mus musculus L.)

Hendri Poernomo — 2024-08-01

Introduction: Cocoa is one of the plants that is believed to have many health benefits and is used in herbal medicine so it is necessary to test the safety of its use. The purpose of the study was to determine abnormalities in the hepatic histopathology of mice that occurred after repeated administration of the test preparation.

Materials and Methods: The research used in vivo laboratory experiments with the post-test only control group approach. The samples used were 25 consisting of 5 groups, namely the group of mice given cocoa bean extract at a dose of 4500 mg/kgBB, 5500 mg/kgBB, 6500 mg/kgBB, 7500 mg/kgBB, and the control group was given distilled water, and for the allergy test was given 32% cocoa bean extract gel. Oral administration of the test preparation was carried out every day for 28 days, once a day. Observations included toxic symptoms by looking at hepatic organ histopathology. Data analysis used Kruskal Wallis test followed by Mann Whitney test for subacute toxicity test.

Results and discussion: showed that the administration of cocoa bean extract at doses of 4500 mg/kgBB, 5500 mg/kgBB, 6500 mg/kgBB, and 7500 mg/kgBB had an effect on subacute toxicity at the time of administration to mice which caused the death of mice and affected the hepatic histopathology of mice.

Conclusion: The conclusion is that cocoa bean extract at certain doses has an effect on subacute toxicity in mice.

Avocado Seed Extract (Persea americana Mill.) Can Inhibit The Growth Of Streptococcus mutans Bacteria (In Vitro)

I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Tista — 2024-08-01

Introduction The Streptococcus mutans bacteria is a key microorganism that plays a significant role in the etiology of dental caries. Avocado seed extract is one alternative used to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Avocado seeds can act as antibacterial agents due to their active compound content, including flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoids.

Materials and Methods. This research aims to determine the inhibitory power present in avocado seeds against Streptococcus mutans bacteria, using a pure experimental design known as Post-test Only Control Group Design. The study involves two concentrations, namely 75% and 100%, each with 6 repetitions. Avocado seed extraction uses 96% ethanol as a solvent through the maceration method. The inhibition zone testing is carried out using the Kirby-Bauer method.

Results and Discussions The inhibition zones, as determined by the Kruskal-Wallis test, indicate a significant difference in both concentrations regarding the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

Conclusions The conclusion of this research is that avocado seed extract can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria, with the 100% concentration being more effective in creating an inhibition zone than the 75% concentration.

Differences In Oral and Dental Health Knowledge Between Undergraduate And Professional Level Students at FKG UNMAS Denpasar

I Nyoman Panji Triadnya Palgunadi — 2024-08-01

Introduction. Knowledge is a primary factor in behavior establishment. Cognition or knowledge may be obtained naturally or planned through education. Knowledge is influenced by several factors including education level, socio-economic status, environment, and facilities availability of healthcare facilities. A person’s cognition level indicates their capability to obtain and understand health information. It is expected that a higher education level leads to more extensive cognition. A lower education level, however, does not necessarily represent a lower cognition level. Cognition escalation is not entirely gained through formal education, but it may be obtained through informal education as well. The health status of the oral cavity is a major part of general physical health. The health of the oral cavity can be determined through oral hygiene status, as various diseases are initiated by poor dental and oral health.

Materials and Methods. The objective of this study was to determine the difference in dental and oral health cognition between undergraduate and professional degree students at the Dental Medicine Faculty of Mahasaraswati University, Denpasar. The study was an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was performed simultaneously at the same time. Fifty-two undergraduate students and 48 professional degree students present during data collection were enrolled as the sample. Respondents were required to fill out the designated dental and oral health cognition questionnaire.

Results and Discussion. From the results of data analysis using the Independent T-test, the results obtained p < 0.05 where there is a significant difference in knowledge between undergraduate students and professional level students.

Conclusion. The conclusion of the study is that there is a significant difference in oral health knowledge between undergraduate students and professional students at the Faculty of Dentistry, Mahasaraswati University, Denpasar.

The Effect of Probiotic Yogurt and Fermented Skim Milk Beverages on The Reduction of Streptococcus Mutans In Children's Dental Caries

Eko Sri Yuni Astuti — 2024-08-01

Introduction: Dental caries is the most common dental and oral problem in children, with a prevalence of 90.2% in children under 6 years old . Streptococcus mutans is considered one of the most virulent caries-causing microorganisms due to its ability to colonize and initiate plaque formation on tooth surfaces. Probiotic yogurt and skim milk-based fermented drinks, which are popular with children, can potentially inhibit the growth of pathogenic oral bacteria. This study aimed to determine the effect of these probiotic drinks on reducing Streptococcus mutans counts in pediatric dental caries.

Materials and Methods: This in vitro laboratory study used a post-test only control group design. Streptococcus mutans colonies obtained from human dental plaque were immersed in artificial saliva with yogurt for 4 minutes, skim milk-based fermented drinks for 2 minutes, or distilled water (negative control) for 2 or 4 minutes. Bacterial growth was observed and analyzed statistically.

Results: Both probiotic yogurt drinks and skim milk-based fermented drinks reduced the number of Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

Conclusion: Skim milk-based fermented beverages showed a greater reduction in Streptococcus mutans compared to yogurt. Poor oral hygiene practices, cariogenic diets, and low socioeconomic status are reported risk factors for dental caries in children. Regular tooth brushing and limiting sugar consumption can help prevent caries development.

Prevalence of Geographic Tongue Disorders in Pregnant Women at Gianyar I Public Health Center Period June – July 2023

I Gusti Ngurah Putra Dermawan — 2024-08-01

Introduction: Geographic tongue is an annular lesion that can be found on the dorsum and the edges of the tongue. This lesion is also known as erythema migrans. The clinical appearance of Geographic tongue consists of white, yellow, or gray lesions on the slightly elevated edges. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of geographic tongue cases in pregnant women at the Community Health Center Gianyar I.

Material and Method: The type of research used in this study was a descriptive epidemiological research method. The total number of samples in this study was 125 respondents of pregnant women at the Community Health Center Gianyar I. Data analysis was carried out descriptively, namely those presented in the form of frequency and percentage distribution tables.

Results and Discussions: From the research results, the prevalence of geographic tongue in pregnant women at the Gianyar I Community Health Center period June - July 2023, there were 11 (8.8%) sufferers of geographic tongue disorder, where based on gestational age (trimester), there were 6 sufferers of geographic tongue or around ( 11.11%) in the third trimester, while in the second trimester there were 4 (9.52%) people who suffered from geographic tongue and only 1 person (3.44%) who suffered from geographic tongue in the first trimester.

Conclusion: The prevalence of geographic tongue cases is mostly found in the third trimester of pregnancy; most have no symptoms or pain.

Reward Reward as an Innovative Strategy Increasing Efforts to Brush Teeth Properly From Children to Families

Ni Putu Idaryati — 2024-08-01

Introduction: Dental and oral health of children in Indonesia remains concerning. In children aged 12 years, the prevalence of cavities reaches 76%. Motivation is closely related to efforts to maintain dental and oral health. There are various things that may be done to increase motivation including providing rewards. A reward is the recognition given to someone for something they have accomplished. Stimulating students' intrinsic motivation can be achieved by offering rewards. The purpose of this research is to examine of rewards as an innovative strategy for increasing efforts to brush teeth properly from children to families.

Methods: This study is observational design with a one-group pretest-posttest using questionnaire and video instruments. The questionnaire contains questions related to brushing teeth properly. The research respondents consist of 106 school children from SD Saraswati 3 Denpasar. School children were also assigned to create videos of brushing their teeth together with their families. Rewards were given to three schoolchildren who demonstrated proper tooth brushing with their families. Data analysis used wilcoxon signed rank test to see the difference between pretest-posttest results after reward.

Results and Discussions: Based on the research findings, there are significant changes in children's behavior in brushing their teeth properly. Children's behavior showed significant differences before and after the reward (p<0.05). Providing rewards during oral health education sessions children's interest increases. This is a positive method that has a beneficial impact on maintaining oral health, especially within the family.

Conclusion: Appropriate rewards can enhance school children motivation to brush their teeth correctly. Children can play an important role in maintaining and raising awareness of the importance of brushing their teeth properly and correctly which can improve dental and oral health among their families

Analysis of Dental and Oral Health Outpatient Visits at Baturiti II Public Health Centre

I Wayan Agus Wirya Pratama — 2024-08-01

Introduction: Public Health Centers play a vital role in providing comprehensive and affordable healthcare services to the community. Baturiti II Public Health Centre, with an extensive service area covering a population of 18,893, is responsible for managing medical records and analyzing patient visit data. This study aims to collect empirical data and conduct an in-depth analysis of the outpatient visit patterns in the dental and oral health service unit.

Materials and Methods: This study employs a descriptive quantitative analysis method using a total sampling technique to collect outpatient visit data from the dental and oral health service unit of Baturiti II Public Health Centre throughout 2023. Data were collected through medical record document review, and the results are presented in tables and diagrams.

Results and Discussion: The analysis of patient visits to the dental and oral health service unit at Baturiti II Public Health Centre in 2023 recorded a total of 1,141 visits, consisting of 559 new patients and 582 follow-up patients, with the majority using the National Health Insurance (JKN) as the financing mechanism. The peak of new patient visits occurred in December, while follow-up patients peaked in June. The most prevalent diseases were pulp and periapical tissue diseases (41%), followed by persistence (24%), gum and periodontal tissue diseases (19%), dental caries (11%), and tooth impaction (5%). There was a tendency for males to experience pulp diseases and caries more frequently, while females more often experienced persistence, periodontal diseases, and tooth impaction, with hormonal, anatomical, and behavioural factors contributing to gender disparities.

Conclusion: Patient visits were dominated by new patients using the JKN financing mechanism. Pulp and periapical tissue diseases were the most prevalent cases, particularly among male patients.

The Influence of Virtual Education on the Knowledge Level of Adolescents Regarding the Dangers of Dental Technician

Sari Aldilawati — 2024-08-01

Introduction: Education is the process of learning from unknown to know or to understand it. Dental and oral health education aims to help increase public awareness by providing knowledge. A dentist is anyone who has the skills to make and install removable dentures. The work that a dentist should do cannot be compared to that of a dental technician.

Material and Method: Quasi-experimental research design with a one group pretest-posttest design by testing the same questionnaire twice, namely before and after education.

Results and Discussions: Based on the results of the paired sample t-test, a p-value of 0.00 was obtained, which is lower than the predetermined significance level value of 0.05, so that H_a is accepted, which means that there is any influence of virtual education on the level of knowledge in teenagers about the dangers of dentist victim.

Conclusion: There is an influence of virtual education about the dangers of dentist victims on the level of knowledge of teenagers at Garudaya Bontonompo Vocational School.

Relationship Between Dental Caries Levels and Quality of Life Among Students at the Faculty of Education, Mulawarman University

Edi Wibowo — 2024-08-01

Introduction: : Teeth and mouth are parts of the body as a whole that have a function to support and enable humans to function essentially. The mouth is also a fundamental feature in a person's identity. The existence of diseases of the teeth and mouth such as caries can cause disruption of oral health conditions and reduce a person's quality of life. Therefore, this research was conducted to find out the relationship between the level of dental caries experienced and the quality of life of students at the Teaching Faculty of Mulawarman University.

Material and Methods: This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional study design. This research involved 96 students from the 2018-2021 class who were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. This study used the OHIP-14 questionnaire to measure quality of life and oral photographs to measure the level of caries. Research data was analyzed using the Spearman test.

Results and Discussions: The research results showed that the level of dental caries among Mulawarman University students was 2.43 in the low category and the majority of students' quality of life level was good at 54%. The results of the relationship analysis show p = 0.000 (p < 0.05); rho = 0.703.

Conclusion: There is a relationship between the level of caries and the quality of life in students at the Teaching Faculty at Mulawarman University with strong strength and a positive direction of the relationship.

Potential Of Keprok Citrus (Citrus nobilis) From Lembang West Java For Dental Email Cleaning

Euis Reni Yuslianti — 2024-08-01

Introduction: Consumption of colored foods and drinks can cause tooth discoloration, synthetic whitening agents are used to increase the degree of brightness of tooth color but have many side effects. Tangerine (Citrus nobilis) is a natural ingredient that is used by the community for whitening the color of teeth safely and with minimal side effects. This study aims to determine the potential of the ethanol extract of tangerine peels to whiten teeth in terms of the degree of color brightness and tooth enamel surface roughness.

Material and Methods: This research analytic laboratory experiments. Samples used 30 premolars that had been soaked in coffee, divided according to the concentration of tangerine peel extract 25%, 50%, and 75% then each group was exposed to 1x30 and 2x30 minutes. Tooth discoloration seen from the value of the degree of color brightness and tooth enamel surface roughness before and after exposure was analyzed using the paired T test and Univariate GLM test (P<0.05).

Results and Discussions: The result showed there were differences in the effect of ethanol extract of tangerine peel on the brightness of the color and roughness of tooth enamel at various concentrations before and after treatment and there was an interaction effect between concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75% and exposure time of 1x30 and 2x30 minutes which was significant with p=0 .00.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that ethanol extract of tangerine peel has the potential to whiten teeth as seen from the degree of color brightness and tooth enamel surface roughness.

The Effect of Hydroxyapatite Filling from Chicken Eggshells in the Formulation of Brown Algae (Sargassum sp.) Extract on Setting Time

Kadek Ayu Wirayuni — 2024-08-01

Introduction: Alginate is often chosen in the impression process because it’s easy to use, has good accuracy, easy to modify, and is comfortable for the patient. Alginate's setting time can be manipulated by adding calcium phosphate or calcium sulfate. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a calcium phosphate compound and member of the apatite group of minerals.

Material and Methods: The experimental design of this study was Post Test Only Control Group Design with 21 total samples and consisting of 3 treatment groups. Treatment groups P1 and P2 with hydroxyapatite filling as much as 5 g and 7 g. Positive control group using Aroma Fine Plus® fast setting impression material. Setting time is measured using a stopwatch.

Results and Discussions: The results showed that the average setting time produced by the KP, P1 and P2 groups respectively was 1 minute 13 seconds, 2 hours 1 minute 27 seconds, and 2 hours 45 minutes 2 seconds. Analysis with Shapiro-Wilk Test and Levene's Test showed that the data was normally distributed and homogeneous. Data analysis with One Way ANOVA test showed a significance of <0.05, which means that there is a significant difference in the average setting time results. The Post Hoc LSD test showed a significance of <0.05 in all treatment groups indicating that there were significant differences between groups.

Conclusion: It can be concluded from the results of this study is that the hydroxyapatite filling of chicken egg shells in the brown algae extract formulation (Sargassum sp.) did not affect the setting time acceleration.

Effects of Chitosan Membrane on Osteogenesis and Oral Wound Healing: A Literature Review

Ni Putu Dian Cipta Dewi — 2024-08-01

Introduction: Chitosan is a compound produced from processed shrimp shell waste that has an important role in the medical industry. Chitosan is a straight-chain amino polysaccharide compound consisting of glucosamine monomers (poly-1,4-D- glucosamine) linked through (1-4) β-glycosidic bonds, derived from deacetylated chitin. In dentistry, chitosan plays an important role in wound healing and bone formation (osteogenesis).

Review: This literature aims to further explain the effectiveness of chitosan membranes in bone formation and wound healing in the oral cavity. Osteoblasts are new bone-forming cells, including the process of breaking down old bone and replacing it with new, healthier bone. Chitosan membranes can reduce osteoclast activity and prevent further bone resorption. Chitosan membrane plays a role in reducing the production of prostaglandin E2 and inflammatory cytokines namely Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α which play a role in the differentiation and activation of osteoclast cells directly through the activator of kβ ligand receptors. The wound healing process is dynamic and complex through systematic steps such as hemostatic, inflammatory, proliferative, and regenerative phases. Many studies have shown that chitosan membranes can accelerate wound healing by increasing the productivity of inflammatory cells.

Conclusion: Chitosan membrane is very effective in promoting osteoclastogenesis, because it can stimulate macrophage cells to reduce the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) mediators, resulting in osteoclast cellular activity can be inhibited and osteoblast formation can be increased. Chitosan membrane plays an important role in accelerating wound healing by increasing the production of inflammatory mediators such as macrophages, fibroblasts, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), and osteoblasts.

Comparison of Surface Roughness of Nanohybrid Composite Resin Immersed in Various Mouthwashes

Rina Permatasari — 2024-08-01

Introduction: Surface roughness is a contributing factor to the accumulation of plaque and the development of secondary caries, also can determine the aesthetic and long-term durability of dental restoration materials, such as nanohybrid composite resin. The use of mouthwash is one of the factors that cause the surface roughness of nanohybrid composite resin.

Material and Methods: The research method used was laboratory experimental research with a pre-test and post-test design. Thirty samples of nanohybrid composite resin were randomly divided into three treatment groups (n=10) according to the types of mouthwash (alcohol-containing, alcohol-free, and herbal), and then were immersed for 36 hours. Surface roughness measurements were performed with a surface roughness tester before and after treatment.

Results and Discussions: One-way ANOVA statistical analysis showed a significant difference (p<0,05) in all treatment groups.

Conclusion: The highest surface roughness was found in alcohol-containing mouthwash, followed by alcohol-free mouthwash and herbal mouthwash.

Combination of Periodontal and Aesthetic Surgery in Cases of Periodontal Tissue Abnormalities

Hartanti — 2024-08-01

Introduction: A high superior labial frenulum causes a gap in the incisors and in the long term will lead to periodontal disease such as gingival enlargement. And pigmentation abnormalities that usually appear physiologically on the gingiva which disturb the aesthetic aspect of the patient. Anatomical abnormalities and abnormalities that occur due to periodontal disease if not treated will result in the severity of periodontal disease progression.

Case: A 20-year-old female patient complained of enlargement of her gums and the color of her gums was slightly dark.

Case Management: Intra oral examination revealed a high frenulum, gingival enlargement and gingival pigmentation.

Discussion: Surgical procedures performed at one visit to overcome the patient's problem, periodontal surgery was performed in the form of gingivektomi, frenectomy and for aesthetic surgery in the form of gingival depigmentation in sequence with a surgical blade.

Conclusion: Conventional surgical procedures in this case can be performed with sequential stages in one visit for the efficiency of patient visits and time. So that patients are more comfortable without having to repeat periodontal surgery.

The Role of Occlusal Adjustment on Treatment of Tooth’s Mobility: Case Report

Cut Ati Ningsih — 2024-08-01

Introduction: Periodontal disease and traumatic occlusion can result in loss of alveolar bone so that the teeth become mobile. Treatment of tooth’s mobility depends on the etiology and prognosis of the tooth.

Case: This case report describes the treatment of a tooth’s mobility due to periodontal disease and traumatic occlusion. The first case was a 39-year-old female patient with complaints of mobility of teeth, the gums of the lower front teeth were often swollen, pus intermittently since 2 years ago. Clinical examination showed tooth 41 mobility grade 2 with a pocket depth of 6 mm and teeth 31,32,42 mobility grade 1 with a pocket depth of 3 mm and were traumatic occlusion on teeth 11,21 and 41. Radiographic showed infrabony defects of teeth 31 and 41 with 30% bone loss. The second case was a 22-year-old female patient with complaints of bleeding gums when brushing her teeth and mobility of lower front teeth since 1 year ago. Clinical examination showed teeth 31,41 mobility grade 2 with a pocket depth of 4 mm and 6 mm, teeth 32,42 mobility grade 1 with a pocket depth of 3 mm, there was traumatic occlusion on teeth 21 and 31. Radiographic showed suprabony defects on teeth 31 and 41 with 30% bone loss.

Case Management: In both cases, initial treatment was carried out with scaling and root planing, followed by occlusal adjustment. One week post-treatment oclusal adjustment there was no tooth mobility in either case.

Discussions: Mobility can be caused by periodontal tissue inflammation, alveolar bone destruction, and traumatic occlusion.

Conclusion: Occlusal adjustment can reduce mobility in traumatic occlusal teeth.

Management of Aesthetic Crown Lengthening After Orthodontic Treatment: A 6 Month Evaluation Case Report

Dodo Hidayat — 2024-08-01

Introduction: Three interrelated elements are responsible for creating an ideal smile: teeth, gingiva, and lips. The current concept of aesthetics focuses not only on the teeth but on the gingiva as well, thus make these two elements important and related to one another. Maintaining the healthy condition of periodontal tissue around the teeth is vital for functional and aesthetic aspects. Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure to increase the length of clinical crowns to achieve an ideal crown to gingival ratio with or without bone reduction. Crown lengthening procedures require a good understanding of biological width and how to achieve it. This case report aims to demonstrate the success of crown lengthening with ostectomy for the treatment of excessive gingival display in post orthodontic treatment patients.

Case: A 25-year-old female patient came to the periodontic clinic on referral from an orthodontic, for correction of a disproportionate dental condition after braces treatment was completed. Treatment: Clinical examination showed disproportionate length and width of crowns due to excessive gingival display and gingival enlargement in the region of teeth 33 to 43.

Case Management: In this case report, crown lengthening treatment was performed from teeth 13 to 23 with open flap for ostectomy and flap was restored with sling suture, contact point repair on teeth 12 and 22, and gingivectomy on mandibular anterior teeth.

Conclusion: Aesthetic crown lengthening surgery results in a high satisfaction level of the patient and predictable and stable results.

Management of Oral Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Raziv Ganesha — 2024-08-01

Background: Systemic diseases have manifestations in the oral cavity with a variety of lesions that have similar types or forms and can be the first manifestations that appear before the manifestations spread to other areas, therefore a thorough initial examination of the oral cavity is very important to determine indications of systemic conditions. Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that is associated with hyperactivity of the immune system, in which the immune system which functions as a protector of the body experiences an abnormality that is unable to distinguish between foreign objects /own cells. Oral Discoid Lupus Erythematosus is a manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the oral cavity.

Case: a 47-year-old woman came with complaints of canker sores in her mouth. Canker sores have occurred since the previous 7 months, sometimes heal and then reappear repeatedly. The patient said that she started experiencing thrush after giving birth 10 years ago.

Case Management: the patient was referred for a complete blood count and ANA test then the patient was given methylprednisolone 4 mg at a dose of 3x1 a day, topical anti-inflammatory drugs, and B-complex vitamins.

Discussion: Oral Discoid Lupus Erythematosus has clinical features of ulcers and erosions surrounded by white striae on the mucosal. Diagnosis confirmed from clinical features and ANA test which showed positive.

Conclusions: The treatment was successful because the correct diagnosis with collaboration was made to produce the right treatment plan accompanied by the patient's cooperation in carrying out the treatment

Nonnutritive Sucking Treatment With Removable Orthodontic Appliances

Hillda Herawati — 2024-08-01

Introduction: Oral habits are habits related to muscle contractions. Oral habit, one of which is nonnutritive sucking (finger sucking), is the first step for children to regulate emotional abilities, relax and focus effects, provide comfort and a sense of security for children for example when feeling tired, bored, afraid and sad. Almost 100% of normal infants will experience the nonnutritive sucking phase until the age of 2-3 years and 20% until the age of 3 years. If the habit continues beyond the age of 3.5 years, it will lead to bad oral habits, which is a repetitive behavior that can cause abnormalities in the teeth and supporting tissues. This bad oral habit can cause changes in the orofacial system, and its manifestations are influenced by factors such as duration, frequency and intensity.

Case: A 5-year-old girl came to RSGM escorted by her mother with complaints of having a habit of sucking the middle finger and ring finger on the left and the front teeth bite looks open, and premature loss of tooth 74.

Case Management: the patient was given a removable orthodontic device using palatal cribs mounted on the upper jaw and mandibular space maintainer due to tooth 74 loss.

Discussions: after observation which was carried out once a week for 10 times within ± 3 months, there were clinical changes, namely overjet 3 mm to 2 mm, open bite 2 mm to 0.5 mm, the lump on the left middle finger thinned and the patient no longer sucked the finger

Conclusion: : the success of the treatment is the result of good cooperation between the doctor and the patient and the patient's parents, as well as early treatment of bad oral habit cases. The use of palatal cribs in this case proved effective in controlling finger suck.

Ulcer Traumaticus et Causa Trauma Occlusion

Amalia Eka Setya Dewi — 2024-08-01

Introduction: A Traumatic Ulcer is a type of ulcer that is caused by local factors. Traumatic ulcers usually occur on the soft tissues in the oral cavity and can be caused by many factors, one of which is occlusion trauma.

Case: The clinical picture of an ulcer is that of an ulcer on the oral mucosa in an acute inflammatory state, including varying degrees of pain, redness, and swelling in various sizes and shapes. The initial lesion in traumatic ulcers is usually felt by people in the form of annoying pain.

Case Management: Medication therapy such as Aloclair gel containing olyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) which has mucoprotective activity works by forming a layer over the ulcer that will protect the affected nerve endings so as to prevent irritation and reduce pain in the ulcer. Hyaluronic acid and Aloevera support the natural healing process of damaged tissue.

Discussion: A traumatic ulcer lesion can heal on its own within 10 to 14 days if the irritant or cause is removed because during this time there will be a process of keratinization and renewal of oral mucosal epithelial cells.

Conclusion:Traumatic ulcers can heal within a few weeks by addressing the causative factors, administering medication, and encouraging patients to maintain good nutrition and oral health.

The Use of Nano Bio Fusion Gingival Gel as Adjuvant Therapy in The Treatment of Periodontal Disease: A Literature Review

Olivia Nauli Komala — 2024-08-01

Introduction: There are various types of adjuvant agents used in periodontal treatment, one of which is Nano Bio Fusion (NBF) Gingival Gel. Numerous studies have assessed the use of NBF gel in the treatment of periodontal disease. This paper attempts to review the literature on the efficacy of utilizing NBF gel to treat periodontal disease.

Review: Nano-Bio Fusion Gingival Gel contains propolis extract in the form of nanoemulsion, vitamin C, vitamin E, sodium monofluorophosphate, aloe, and green tea extract. NBF gel is used for protection and prevention in various oral conditions, such as gingival and periodontal disease; ulcerated conditions, erosions, xerostomia, white lesions of the mucosa, denture stomatitis; mucosal protection after radiation therapy or chemotherapy; dry lips or cheilitis, lip inflammation; and post-surgical conditions such as tooth extraction, alveolitis, after implant placement, flap surgery, periodontal abscess treatment, and others. In eight studies, NBF gel was found to be effective in the treatment of periodontal disease. The parameters used were plaque index, papillary bleeding index, pocket depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index, pain perception, signs of inflammation, sulcular bleeding index, and colony forming unit. The best results were seen in the use of NBF gel after scaling. In comparison to other adjuvants, such as tetracycline fiber and hyaluronic acid (Gengigel), the results of the parameters obtained with NBF gel are not as excellent as those obtained with the other two substances.

Conclusion: NBF gel can be an effective adjuvant treatment following scaling.

Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint After Orthognathic Surgery with First Orthognathic Surgery Method: Scoping Review

Azra Zhafirah Faizah — 2024-08-01

Introduction: Dentoskeletal anomalies are defined as aberrations of the maxillofacial complex that negatively impact the dental and skeletal relation. Orthognathic surgery is a treatment option to rehabilitate dentoskeletal anomalies. Surgery first orthognathic is one of the orthognathic surgeries conducted prior to the orthodontic treatment. One of the problems that might occur following the surgery first orthognathic is related to temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD). This study aimed to map the published articles about the clinical evaluation of temporomandibular joint post-surgery first orthognathic. This study used the scoping review method, following the PRISMA-ScR guideline. The search engines utilized in this study were PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, using keywords as follows, ((surgery first orthognathic) OR (surgery first orthognathic approach)) AND (temporomandibular joint).

Review: A total of eight articles suit the inclusion criteria. 119 patients underwent orthognathic surgery using the surgery first orthognathic method. Post-surgery, 25.2% of patients experienced TMD improvement, 70.6% experienced no change in the normal temporomandibular joint, and 4.2% experienced TMD impairment worse than before the surgery.

Conclusion: Based on the analysis results of the studies, it can be concluded that surgery first orthognathic inclines to preserve the normal condition of the patient’s temporomandibular joint before the surgery. In some cases, surgery first orthognathic yielded opportunities to relieve the TMD symptoms. However, there is a slight risk following the surgery first orthognathic, i.e., worsening of the TMD and generating new onset of TMD.

Lip Repositioning with Internal Suturing and Crown Lengthening in a Single Visit: Case Report

Dik Mega Putri Handayani — 2024-08-01

Introduction: A gummy smile becomes one of the esthetic problems for patients, especially when smiling or laughing. Etiology-based treatment should be considered to fulfill the patient’s needs. In this case report, we performed treatment focused on both extraoral and intraoral etiology: lip repositioning with smile elevator muscle sutures and crown lengthening respectively.

Case: A 27 year old female patient presented with the chief complaint of excessive appearance of gingiva when especially laughing. The patient has a gummy smile and a disharmonious gingival line on the anterior maxilla. The diagnosis in this case was excessive gingival display et causa hyperactive upper lip and altered passive eruption.

Case treatment: To achieve the esthetic goal, crown lengthening was performed with ostectomy to correct the gingival line and zenith, followed by lip repositioning with partial thickness flap with smile elevator muscle suturing. Six months postoperative follow-up showed pink gingiva with harmonious gingival line contour.

Discussion: Lip repositioning has a high risk of relapse in cases of hyperactive upper lip. Lip reposition surgery with sutures on the smile elevator muscle along with a crown lengthening procedure is a predictable alternative treatment in this case.

Conclusion: The surgical procedure for handling gummy smile cases provides good treatment results, especially in cases of multiple etiologies of hyperactive upper lip and altered passive eruption.

Media and Methods in Promoting Dental and Oral Health among Pregnant Women

Ferdiana Maharani — 2024-08-01

Introduction: The health of pregnant women is influenced by what they consume. Consuming good food but having infections or abnormalities in the mouth and teeth will cause the incoming food to be contaminated and will have an impact on the baby's growth and development. Based on this, dental and oral health in pregnant women plays a very important role for pregnant women and children. This study aims to find out how analysts promote dental and oral health in pregnant women. The method used is a systematic literature review using the PRISMA diagram by identifying P (Population, patients), Intervention (Intervention or treatment), Prognostic Factors, or Exposure, Comparison (comparison with control if any), Outcome (outcome) according to the research to be conducted, and Study (type of research). From the results of the reduction of selected journals, there are 19 scientific articles that will be analyzed.

Review: In this research, there are various health promotions that can be carried out to provide education to the public, including social media, consultations, hospitals, training, providing video demonstrations and explanations via flip charts

Conclusions: The conclusion of this research is that there are various health promotions that can be carried out to provide education to the public, including social media, consultations, hospitals, training, providing video demonstrations and explanations via flip charts. The suggestion from this research is the need for intensive health promotion and health education for pregnant women. Promotion and education can be carried out by residents in collaboration with community health centers or in collaboration with hospitals or can also be done through social media.